History of the origins the kingdom of Kediri in Indonesia

vhisnu or Airlangga

History Origins of the kingdom of Kediri in Indonesia or kingdom Panjalu, can not be split from Kahuripan and Airlangga as founder is a kingdom located in East Java, between the years 1042-1222. The kingdom was centered in the city of Daha or Dahanapura, which is located around Kediri now.

Indeed Daha existing city before Kadiri Kingdom stand. Daha an abbreviation of Dahanapura, which means the city fire.

This name is found in inscriptions Pamwatan issued Airlangga year 1042. This corresponds to the news in Fiber Calon Arang that, when the end of the reign of Airlangga, the center of the kingdom was no longer in Kahuripan, but moved to Daha.

In late November 1042, Airlangga forced to divide his kingdom because of his two sons vie for the throne. Son named Sri Samarawijaya get named Panjalu western empire centered in the new town, which Daha. While son named Mapanji Garasakan get named Janggala eastern empire centered in the old town, which is Kahuripan.

According Nagarakretagama, before split into two parts, which led Airlangga royal name has been named Panjalu, based in Daha.

So, Janggala born as a fraction of Panjalu. The Kahuripan is the name of the old town which has been left Airlangga and later became the capital of Janggala.

At first, the name or Pangjalu Panjalu is more often used than the names of Kediri.

It can be found in inscriptions published by the kings of Kadiri. In fact, the name Panjalu also known as Pu-chia-lung in Chinese chronicles titled Ling wai tai ta (1178).

The early days of the kingdom of Kediri Panjalu or not widely known. Inscription Down Hyang II (1044) published Janggala only proclaimed the civil war between the two kingdoms after the death of Airlangga.

Panjalu kingdom known History began with the inscription Sirah tendon in 1104 on behalf of Sri Jayawarsa.

Kings before Sri Sri Samarawijaya Jayawarsa only known, whereas the order of kings after Sri Jayawarsa already be clear based on the inscriptions were found.

Panjalu kingdom under the government of Sri Jayabhaya or Prabu Jayabaya conquered Janggala with the famous motto in Ngantang inscription (1135), namely: Panjalu Jayati, which means Panjalu Win or Win Panjalu.

In the reign of Sri Jayabhaya this, Panjalu kingdom experienced its heyday. This royal region covers the entire Java and some islands in the archipelago, even to defeat the influence of the kingdom of Srivijaya in Sumatra.

This reinforced the Chinese chronicles titled Ling wai tai ta work of Chou Ku-fei in 1178, that at that time the richest country other than China are respectively Arabic, Java, and Sumatra.

When it was in power in the Arab is the Abbasids, in Java there Panjalu kingdom, while the Sumatran Srivijaya kingdom ruled.

Discovery Tondowongso site in early 2007, which is believed to be the relics of Kadiri Kingdom is expected to help provide more information about the kingdom.

Literary arts gets a lot of attention at the time of the kingdom of Kediri - Dahanapura. In 1157 Kakawin Bhāratayuddha written by Mpu Panuluh  or Mpu Sedah and resolved. This book comes from the Mahabharata which contains Pandavas victory over the Kauravas, as a metaphor victory over Sri Jayabhaya Janggala.

In addition, the Mpu Panuluh also write Kakawin Harivamsa and Ghatotkachasraya. There is also a poet of the reign of Sri Kameswara named Mpu Dharmaja who wrote Smaradahana.

Then, during the reign of Kertajaya are named Mpu Monaguna poet who wrote Sumanasantaka and Mpu Triguna who wrote Kresnayana.

Panjalu-Kadiri kingdom collapsed during the reign Kertajaya, and told in Pararaton and Nagarakretagama.

In 1222 Kertajaya at loggerheads against Brahmins were then asked Ken Arok protection.

akuwu Tumapel. Incidentally Ken Arok and aspire to liberate Tumapel which is subordinate Kediri region.

War between Kediri and Tumapel occurred near the village of Ganter.

Ken Arok forces managed to destroy Kertajaya forces. Thus ended the kingdom of Kediri, which has since then become subordinate Tumapel or Singhasari.

After Ken Arok beat Kertajaya, Kediri became a territory under the rule Singhasari. Ken Arok raised Jayasabha, Kertajaya son as regent Kadiri. In 1258 his son replaced Jayasabha Sastrajaya. In 1271 Sastrajaya replaced his son, namely Jayakatwang.

Jayakatwang rebelled against Singhasari led by Kertanegara, because revenge Kertajaya past where his ancestors were defeated by Ken Arok.

After successfully killing Kertanegara, Jayakatwang rebuild Kadiri Kingdom, but only lasted one year due to the combined attack launched by the Mongol troops and forces Kertanegara son, Raden Wijaya.

The kings that ever reigned in the Kingdom Panjalu (Kediri) that reigned in the capital Dahanapura / Daha:

- Sri Samarawijaya, a son Airlangga whose names are found in inscriptions Pamwatan (1042).

- Sri Jayawarsa, based inscription Sirah tendon (1104). It is not known with certainty whether it is a direct replacement Sri Samarawijaya or not.

- Sri Bameswara, based inscription Padelegan I (1117), the inscription Panumbangan (1120), and the inscription Tangkilan (1130).

- Sri Jayabhaya or PRABU jayabaya, the greatest king Panjalu, based on inscriptions Ngantang (1135), the inscription Talan (1136), and Kakawin Bhāratayuddha (1157).

- Sri Sarweswara, based inscription Padelegan II (1159) and the inscription Kahyunan (1161).

- Sri Aryeswara, based on inscriptions Wind (1171).

- Sri Gandra, based on inscriptions Nets (1181).

- Sri Kameswara, based on inscriptions Ceker (1182) and Smaradahana.

- Sri Kertajaya, based on inscriptions Galunggung (1194), Inscription Kamulan (1194), the inscription Palah (1197), the inscription Wates Kulon (1205), Nagarakretagama, and Pararaton.

Kingdom Panjalu / Kediri collapsed in 1222 and became subordinate kingdom of Singosari.

Based on the inscription At Malurung, known kings Kediri domiciled in Daha on Singosari era, namely:

- Mahisa Wunga Teleng son Ken Arok

Guningbhaya sister Mahisa Wunga Teleng

- Tohjaya sister Guningbhaya

- Kertanagara Mahisa Wunga Teleng grandchildren (maternal), who later became king Singhasari.

Jayakatwang is Kertajaya descent who became regent Rings region Singosari kingdom, in 1292 he rebelled, causing the collapse of the kingdom of Singosari.

Jayakatwang then rebuild the kingdom of Kadiri. But in 1293 he was defeated Raden Wijaya founder of the kingdom of Majapahit with the assistance of the Kingdom of Mongolia (Tartar).

Since the year 1293 Kediri / Daha be subordinate country Majapahit Kingdom foremost. King who leads the title "Bhre Daha" but merely a symbol, because the daily administration implemented by governor Daha.

Bhre Daha who had served in Kediri, namely:

- Jayanagara 1295-1309 Nagarakretagama.47: 2; Inscription Sukamerta - accompanied Patih Ox Sora.

- Rajadewi 1309-1375 Pararaton.27: 15; 29:31; Nag.4: 1 - accompanied Patih Arya Tilam, then Gajah Mada.

- Indudewi 1375-1415 Pararaton.29: 19; 31: 10.21

Suhita 1415-1429?

- Jayeswari 1429-1464 Pararaton.30: 8; 31:34; 32:18; K. Pitu.

- Inscription Trailokyapuri Manggalawardhani 1464-1474.

According to Suma Oriental writing Tome Pires, in 1513 Dahanapura / Daha became the capital of the kingdom of Majapahit when led by Bhatara Wijaya.

And his name is synonymous with "Dyah Ranawijaya" were defeated by Sultan Trenggana King of Demak (Bintoro) in 1527.

Ok next post will discuss about Kediri kingdom and royal descent until the time of the emergence of Demak Sultanate with the Islam religion which shifts the adherents of "Hinduism and Buddhism in the history of the royal kingdom in Indonesia.