Isyana Dynasty, Airlangga Government, And The Kingdom Of Kediri

Isyana Dynasty is the embryo of the Sanjaya dynasty forwarded royal dynasty founder saylendra ancient Mataram in Central Java.Mpu Sindok  is the first king who ruled in the kingdom Isyana with a variety of stories and history there. what else in their control, is made by introducing the use of Sanjayawarsa or calendar Sanjaya.

It aims to show if Mpu Sindok are descendants of Sanjaya. Isyana kingdom is the embryo of a kingdom founded by Sanjaya Dynasty and Dynasty Syelendra. with power that was later destroyed because of the eruption of Mount Merapi. With this explosion would make the capital of Medang transferred from Mataram to Tamwlang. With the removal will be undertaken is certainly MPU Sindok give a name or a new dynasty which Isyana dynasty.

Isyana dynasty itself eventually led directly by Mpu Sindok or Isyana Maharaja who had a daughter. To provide a wider power and know many other kingdoms, making Mpu Sindok Sri Isyana eventually married his daughter to marry a prince named Sri Lokapala Bali.

From this marriage there and eventually gave birth to a prince Makutawangsawardhana Mahendradatta which is the capital of Airlangga. With the Udayana Warmadewa which is the father of the king Airlangga Bali making power is then given to Airlangga. With the birth of Airlangga in this kingdom gives wide powers.

However, the power of which is owned by Mrs. Airlangga higher when compared with the power which is owned by Udayana. With these kingdoms, but it gives a better quality of life. to have a powerful kingdom, vast and powerful make the kingdom Isyana dynasty has broad powers.

With a breadth of power which is owned, attested by several changes of rulers and leaders of the kingdom Isyana dynasty such as:

1. MPU Sindok or Maharaja Isyana
2. Sri Isyanatunggawijaya
3. Makutawangsawardhana
4. Dharmawangsa who ruled in Java
5. Mahendradatta ruled in Bali
6. Airlangga, son and daughter-Dharmawangsa Mahendradatta

With the change in power long enough to prove if Isyana dynasty royal history has wide powers with a strong leader.

Isyana dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the Kingdom Medang period of East Java in the 10th century until the early 11th century. Isyana term derived from the name of Sri Isyana. Wikramadharmottunggadewa, the MPU Sindok title after becoming king Medang 929-947.

This dynasty Hinduism Shiva flow.

Mpu Sendok Mataram government suddenly move to the valley upstream Brantas, East Java, it is possible in because of a catastrophic natural disaster, since the eruption of volcano or perhaps because of outbreaks of disease, not in the know with certainty because musibahnya, even if it since the kingdom in Java middle side "setruktur pisikal" looks berakir, but Mpu Sendok sturdy  preserve, keep the title of King of Mataram.

Central Java and East Java Kanjuruhan earth

Based on the religious affiliation, mpu Sindok thought to be descendants of Sanjaya, the founder of the Kingdom Medang Central Java period. One school of thought says that MPU MPU Sindok is the grandson of Daksha who reigned circa 910s.

Mpu Daksha itself introduce the use Sanjayawarsa (calendar Sanjaya) to show that he is a descendant of the original Sanjaya. Thus, Mpu  Sindok Mpu Daksha and can be referred to as a member of Sanjaya dynasty.

Medang kingdom in Central Java was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Merapi in theory van Bammelen. Mpu Sindok then move the capital city of Mataram to Tamwlang Medang. A few years later the capital was moved again to Watugaluh.

Both of the new palace was located in Jombang sekarang.Mpu Sindok not only move eastward Medang palace, but he also considered to have founded a new dynasty named Isyana dynasty.

But there are also opinions that deny the existence of Sanjaya dynasty and Isyana dynasty, among others, proposed by Prof.

Poerbatjaraka, Pusponegoro, and Notosutanto. According to this version, the Kingdom Medang only one dynasty, namely Wangsa dynasty, which was originally a Hindu. Then came the Sailendra dynasty split with the emergence of the religious members Buddha.Dengan other words, this version found Mpu Sindok is a member of the Sailendra dynasty Hindu Shiva, and the palace of the kingdom Medang move to East Java.

government Airlangga

It is the first king Airlangga Kahuripan, which was built from the remains of the ruins of the kingdom of Srivijaya Medang due to invasion. He ruled between the years 1028 - 1035. He was mentioned as a ruling MPU Kanwa to write Arjunawiwaha. His name is immortalized as the name of one of the public universities in Surabaya.

Airlangga is the son of the couple Mahendradatta (daughter of Dynasty Isyana, Medang) and Udayana (Warmadewa Dynasty king, Bali). He grew up in the palace Watugaluh (Medang Kingdom) under the reign of king Dharmawangsa.

At that time the kingdom Medang be strong enough, even held a conquest to Bali, established a colony in West Kalimantan, as well as holding the attack to the Kingdom.

In 1006, when 16-year-old Airlangga, Srivijaya held in retaliation for Medang. Wurawari (ally Sriwijaya) burn Watugaluh Palace, Dharmawangsa along nobles were killed in the attack.

Airlangga managed to escape into the woods, and became pastor (ascetic), accompanied by his bodyguard, Narotama. One proof of Airlangga ruins while on the run can be found in the Spring Made, Kudu - Jombang (East Java).

After several years of being in the woods, finally in 1019, Airlangga succeeded in uniting the empire Medang that has broken, rebuild the kingdom, and make peace with the Kingdom. This new kingdom known as Kahuripan, whose territory stretches from Pasuruan in the east to Madiun in the west. Airlangga known as a model of religious tolerance, as protectors of Hinduism Shiva and Buddha.

Airlangga expand the empire to the Central Java and Bali. In 1025, Airlangga expand the power and influence of Srivijaya Kahuripan weakening. The north coast of Java, especially Surabaya and Tuban, became an important trading center for the first time.

Under the reign of Airlangga, literary arts thrive. Year 1035, MPU Kanwa composed Wiwaha Arjuna book, which was adapted from the epic Mahabharata. The book tells Arjuna, the incarnation of Vishnu, who is none other than his own figurative Airlangga. Story Airlangga depicted in temple on the slopes of Mount STEPS Hemisphere.

At the end of his life, Airlangga dealing with the issue of succession. Heir, Sanggramawijaya, chose to become a hermit rather than be a successor of Airlangga. He is associated with the legend of the Goddess Kilisuci and Selomangleng Cave in Mount Klothok, 5 KM west of the city of Kediri. In 1045, Airlangga Kahuripan split into two kingdoms to his two sons: Janggala and Kadiri. Airlangga himself became a hermit, and died in 1049.

Kediri kingdom

Kediri kingdom is a kingdom in East Java who stood in the 12th century. This kingdom is part of the ancient Mataram kingdom. Kingdom Center is located on the banks of the Brantas River which at that time had become a busy shipping lane. Kediri kingdom born from the division of the kingdom of Mataram by the king Airlangga (1000-1049).

  Solving this kingdom is done in order to avoid disputes among children concubines. There is no clear evidence of how the kingdom is broken down and into sections.

In the century that the kingdom was divided mentioned four or five parts. But in its development only two kingdoms are often called, are Kediri (pangjalu) and Jenggala. Samarawijaya as the rightful heir to the kingdom gets old capital, namely dahanaputra and the name was changed to pangjalu kingdom or also known as the kingdom of Kediri.

1. Development of Kediri Kingdom

In the development of Kediri kingdom with its capital Daha grow up, while the kingdom Jenggala getting drowned. Allegedly Jenggala kingdom was conquered by Kediri.

However, the loss of trace Jenggala may also be caused by the absence of inscriptions which are abandoned or not the discovery of inscriptions left by the Kingdom Jenggala. Triumph of Kediri kingdom had fallen when King Kertajaya (1185-1222) at odds with the clergy. This situation is exploited by Akuwu Tumapel Ametung stumps.

But then his position was taken by Ken Arok. Above this former kingdom Kediri Ken Arok later founded the kingdom Singasari, and Kediri under the authority Singasari. When Singasari under the rule Kertanegara (1268-1292), there was unrest in the kingdom.

Jayakatwang, king of Kediri which has been subject to Singasari join Regent Sumenep (Madura) to drop Kertanegara. Finally in 1292 Jayakatwang beat Kertanegara and rebuild the kingdom of Kediri glory.

Mapanji Garasakan ruled shortly. He was replaced King Mapanji Alanjung (1052 - 1059 AD). Mapanji Alanjung then replaced again by Sri Maharaja Samarotsaha. Ongoing battle between Jenggala and Panjalu cause for 60 years no clear news about the two kingdoms until the emergence of the name of King Bameswara (1116-1135 AD) of Kediri.

At that time, the capital was moved from Daha Panjalu to Kediri so this kingdom known as the kingdom of Kediri. King Bameswara using royal insignia form fanged skull above the crescent is commonly called Candrakapala.

After Bameswara abdicate, he was replaced Jayabaya that in his reign was defeated Jenggala. Successive kings of Kediri since Jayabaya as follows:

a. King Jayabaya (1135-1159 AD)

King Jayabaya using royal insignia badges Narasingha form. His victory over the war against Jenggala diperingatinya with ordered MPU Sedah composed kakawin Bharatayudha. Because MPU Sedah not able to complete the kakawin, MPU Panuluh continue and finish it in 1157 AD During his reign, the Kediri reached the height of glory.

b. Sarweswara King (1159 - 1169 AD)

      Substitute Jayabaya is King Sarweswara. Not much is known about this king because of limited relics found. He wears the royal insignia in the form of Ganesha.

c. Kameswara King (1182 - 1185 AD)

For some time, there is no clear news about the king of Kediri until the advent Kameswara. In the reign of writing the book Smaradahana by MPU Darmaja containing the cult of the king, as well as books and Wretasancaya Lubdaka written by MPU Tan Alung.

Lubdaka Book tells the story of a hunter who finally get to heaven and Wretasancaya contains instructions studying ancient Javanese song.

d. Kertajaya King (1185 - 1222 AD)

      In the reign of Kertajaya, there is a contradiction between the Brahmins and King Kertajaya. This happens because the Brahmins refused to worship the king who considers himself as a god. Brahmins and ask for protection in Ken Arok.

This opportunity is used Ken Arok to rebel against Kertajaya. In the year 1222 AD a great battle going on Ganter and Ken Arok beat Kertajaya.

2. Times Literary works Kediri

Literary arts gets a lot of attention at the time Panjalu-Kediri kingdom. In 1157 Kakawin Bhāratayuddha written by MPU MPU Panuluh Sedah and resolved.

This book comes from the Mahabharata which contains Pandavas victory over the Kauravas as figuratively Sri Jayabhaya victory over the MPU Panuluh Janggala.selain also write Kakawin Harivamsa and Ghatotkachasraya. Then, during the reign of Kertajaya are named MPU Monaguna poet who wrote Sumanasantaka and MPU Triguna who wrote Kresnayaona.

3. Social life of the Royal Society of Kediri

Social life in the days of Kediri Kingdom can be seen in the book-Wai Ling-Tai-Ta compiled by Chou Ku-Fei in 1178 AD

The book states that the public Kediri to wear cloth below the knee san hair in the dust. The houses were on average very clean and tidy. His government was very concerned about the state of his people so that agriculture, animal husbandry, and trade progressed quite rapidly.

Factions in Kediri society is divided into three based on the position in the royal government:

•  Public class center (kingdom), which is contained in the development of the environmental community and some of the king's relatives and servants group.
   
•  Community groups thani (area), ie social groups consisting of officials or officers thani good governance in the region.
   
•  Noonpemerintahan community groups, ie groups of people who do not have a position and  hubunggan with government official or public self-employed.

4. The collapse of the kingdom of Kediri

Kediri kingdom / Daha finally collapsed in 1144 Saka (1222 AD). According to the book Nagarakertagama Sri Ranggah Rajasa that reigned in Kutaraja, Tumapel royal capital in the east of Mount Kawi, in 1144 Saka (1222 AD) attacks the king of Kediri, King Sri Krtajaya.

Kertajaya defeated and fled to the teaching on the slopes (mountain) are silent. All followers, especially the soldiers who left in the kingdom, can be destroyed.

According Pararaton, king of Kediri named DandangGendis. At one time the king asked to bhujangga Shiva and Buddhist faiths to worship him. The bhujangga refused, because throughout history there bhujangga worship the king.

King then showed his power to fix a spear in the ground with the tip above, and he sat down on the cutting edge in the form of Lord Guru, four-armed and three-eyed. The poet continues to refuse to worship the king, then fled to take refuge in Ken Arok Tumapel. Since then Tumapel not recognize the authority of Daha.

Not long after the bhujangga faiths Shiva and Buddha bless Ken Arok as king Tumapel, country named Singhasari, the coronation title of Lord Sri Ranggah Rajasa the Amurwabhumi. Then he attacked Daha. Daha army led by the king's sister DandangGendis, Mahisa Bungalan. Fighting occurred in northern Ganter, Daha soldiers pressed and Mahisa Bungalan killed in the battle, along with his ministers named Gubar Baleman. King DandangGendis withdrew from the battle, and then back to nature gods along with all his followers. Likewise, the three brothers of the king.

Thus the book Negarakertagama to inform us that the kingdom of Kediri / Daha collapse in 1222 AD Thus ended the reign Isyana dynasty after a reign of three centuries, as well as the Sailendra dynasty. In the book mentioned Negarakertagama pulambahwa with in taklukkannya Kediri by Ken Arok of Tumapel, then unite Janggala and Kediri equally regnant to Tumapel.