Sanjaya Dynasty History In Ancient Mataram Kingdom

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History of Sanjaya dynasty in ancient Mataram kingdom / Medang historians generally refer to three dynasties that once ruled the Kingdom Medang, namely Sanjaya and Sailendra dynasty in Central Java period, and Isyana dynasty in the period of East Java.

Sanjaya dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the kingdom Medang Central Java period or commonly called "the Ancient Mataram". This dynasty, together with Sailendra ruled Medang Kingdom.

The term was introduced by the Sanjaya dynasty historian named Dr. Bosch in his essay entitled Srivijaya, de Sailendrawamsa en de Sanjayawamsa (1952).

He mentioned that, in the Kingdom Medang there are two ruling dynasties, namely Sanjaya and the Sailendra dynasty. Sanjaya dynasty term refers to the name of the founder of the Kingdom Medang, namely Sanjaya who ruled about 732 years.

Origin:

Based Canggal Inscription (732 M) is known Sanjaya is the successor to the king of Java Sanna, Hinduism flow of Shiva, and oriented to Kunjarakunja in the regions of India, and established a new Shivalingga shows the central government building baru.Menurut Carita Parahyangan interpretation of texts drawn from age then, Sanjaya described as the prince of Galuh which eventually ruled in Mataram.

Mother of Sanjaya is Sanaha, grandson Shima of the kingdom of Kalinga in Jepara. Sanjaya is Sena's father / Sanna / Bratasenawa, third Galuh king. Sena is the son Mandiminyak, second Galuh king (702-709 AD). Later, Sanjaya, who is the legitimate successor Galuh Kingdom, attacking Galuh with the help Tarusbawa, king of Sunda. This attack aims to depose Purbasora.

When Tarusbawa died in the year 723, Sundanese and Galuh power in the hands of Sanjaya. In his hands, the Sunda and Galuh reunited. 732, Sanjaya hand over power to his son Sunda-Galuh Rarkyan Panaraban (Tamperan). In Kalinga, Sanjaya held power for 22 years (732-754), who was later replaced by the son of the goddess Sudiwara, namely Panangkaran. Broadly speaking, the story of Carita Parahyangan in accordance with the inscription Canggal.

Panangkaran defeated by newcomer dynasty of Sumatra named Sailendra. Based on the interpretation of Kalasan inscription (778 AD), in the year 778 Buddhist Sailendra king ruled Mahayana Panangkaran to establish "Kalasan".

Since that time the kingdom ruled by the Sailendra Medang. Until finally a crown princess Sailendra named Pramodawardhani married with Pikatan Rakai, a descendant of Sanjaya, in the 840s. Rakai Pikatan then inherit the throne in-law. Thus, Sanjaya dynasty returned to power in Medang.

Theory rejected:

Poerbatjaraka historians deny the existence of Sanjaya dynasty. According to him, Sanjaya dynasty never existed, because Sanjaya himself a member of Sailendra. Dynasty was originally a Hindu, as Sailendra term meaning "ruler of the mountain" is the name for Shiva.

In addition, the term Sanjayawangsa never found in any inscription, while the term Sailendrawangsa found in several inscriptions, eg Ligor inscription, inscriptions Kalasan, and inscriptions Abhayagiriwihara.

Poerbatjaraka found, Sanjaya has ordered his son, namely Panangkaran converted from Hinduism to Buddhism. This theory is based on the story of the Carita Parahyangan that Rahyang Sanjaya told Rahyang Panaraban to convert. Thus, what is meant by the term "Sailendra king" in the inscription Kalasan Rakai Panagkaran is none other than his own.

story's Parahyangan were written hundreds of years after the death of Sanjaya. Nevertheless, the story above as evidenced by the discovery of the inscription King Sankhara which tells the story of a prince named Sankhara which converts because his father meniggal world due to undergo the ritual too heavy. Unfortunately, this inscription has been lost and no clear figures annually, and do not mention the name of the father Sankhara.

So, the theory Poerbatjaraka mention that there is only one dynasty who ruled the Kingdom Medang, namely Sailendra Hindu Shiva. Since government Panangkaran, Sailendra dynasty split into two. Buddhism is used as the official religion of the state, while the other Sailendra branch there are still adheres to Hinduism, for example, someone who would degrade Pikatan Rakai.

calendar Sanjaya

Although the term Sanjayawangsa never found in any inscription, but the term Sanjayawarsa or "Calendar Sanjaya" was discovered in the mountain spurs and inscriptions Scales Wungkal.

Both the inscription issued by MPU Daksha with the aim to show that he is a descendant of the original Sanjaya, the founder of the kingdom. Year 1 Sanjayawarsa equal to 717 AD. It is not known with certainty whether the year is the year of birth 717 Sanjaya, or the founding of the kingdom.

List of kings who ruled

List of kings Medang before Balitung Mantyasih inscription written in terms of the theory Bosch is a list of the Sanjaya dynasty kings, as well as a family tree from Sanjaya to Balitung.

The king is as follows.

• Sanjaya
• Panangkaran
• Rakai Panunggalan
• Samaragrawira
• Rakai Garung
• Rakai Pikatan
• Rakai Kayuwangi
• Rakai Watuhumalang

Slamet Muljana historians differ. According to him, the list is not pedigree Sanjaya dynasty, but rather a list of the kings who had ruled in the kingdom Medang. His opinion was based on the nickname Panangkaran in Kalasan inscription, which Sailendrawangsatilaka or jewel Sailendra. So according to him is not possible if Panangkaran is the son Sanjaya.

Analysis Slamet Muljana against some of the inscriptions, for example inscription Kelurak, Nalanda inscription, or Karangtengah inscription concludes that Panangkaran, Rakai Panunggalan, Samaragrawira, and Rakai Garung is a member Sailendra, while the rest are members of Sanjaya dynasty, except Rakai Kayuwangi mixed-blood.

King after Balitung

King after Balitung is empu Daksha who introduced the use of Sanjaya Calendar to indicate that he is a genuine descendant of the founder of the kingdom. Moreover, most likely Daksha is also the grandson of Rakai Pikatan as recorded in the inscription Telahap.

Daksha was replaced by his son, named Dyah Tulodhong, the son of someone who is buried in Turu Mangambil. It is not known with certainty whether this is a descendant Sanjaya Tulodhong or not.

According to historian Boechari, Tulodhong government uprising ended by Dyah Wawa, son Rakryan Landhayan. In this case also can not be ascertained whether or not Wawa Sanjaya descent.

King hereinafter called Empu Sindok estimated as Daksha empu grandchildren. If so, then the empu Sindok can be referred to as offspring Sanjaya anyway, even though he is considered to have founded a new dynasty called the wangsa of Isana.