Kingdom Tarumanagara And Relics history

inscription

We begin Tarumanagara kingdom in the history of the excavation of the oldest kingdom in Indonesia from the western end of the island of Java, namely profinsi offerings now, in the history of the cultural treasures of the kingdom of ancient kingdoms Indonesia became one of the biggest and one of them is the "Kingdom Trumanegara".

From various sources I read historical revrensi Founder Tarumanagara kingdom is Rajadirajaguru Jayasingawarman ie in the year 358 AD, and was replaced by his son, Dharmayawarman the year (382-395 AD).

Jayasingawarman be buried Gomati on the bank, while his son at the edge of time Candrabaga. Maharaja Purnawarman is the third king of Tarumanagara kingdom is in years (395-434 AD). He built a new capital of the empire in 397 AD which is located closer to the beach. The city was named "Sundapura" Sunda used first name.

In 417 AD he ordered the excavation along the river Gomati and Candrabaga 6112 spears (about 11 miles). Completed excavation, the prabu hold salvation with menyedekahkan 1,000 cows to the Brahmans (Brahmin is one class of work or colors in Hinduism. They are the ones who are able to master the teaching scholars, knowledge, customs, manners to religious)

Through historical heritage inscription Sand Estuary has been mentioned that the event returns to the reign of the king of Sunda was made in 536 AD, the year that became the ruler of the kingdom of Tarumanagara is Suryavarman years (535-561 AD) King of Tarumanagara to-7.

In Candrawarman reign (515-535 AD), father Suryavarman, many local authorities that receive governmental power over the territory as a reward for loyalty to the kingdom of Tarumanagara.

Through the inscription can be concluded that the king of Sunda in the year 536 AD, was the capital sundapura has changed its status to a regional kingdoms and this means, the central government of the kingdom of Tarumanagara has shifted to another place.

Similar examples can be seen from position Rajatapura or Salakanagara (Silver City), which is called argyre by Ptolemy in the year 150 AD

This town until the year 362 became the administrative center of the kings Dewawarman (from Dewawarman I - VIII). When the central government to switch from Rajatapura Tarumanagara, then transfer to a royal Salakanagara area.

Jayasingawarman founder of the kingdom of Tarumanagara is king Dewawarman law VIII. He was himself a Salankayana sages of India who fled to the archipelago because the area was attacked and conquered the emperor Samudragupta of royal Magada.

Evidence of Historical Tarumanagara kingdom.
There are 7 inscription to strengthen the presence of the kingdom of Tarumanagara in
regional level sunda

Tugu inscription
Fill monument inscription reads:
"pura rajadhirajena guruna pinabahuna khata khyatam Purim prapya candrabhagarnnavam yayau //

pravarddhamane dvavingsad vatsare sri gunau narendradhvajabhutena services srimata purnavarmmana //

prarabhya Phalguna mase khata krsnastami tithau Caitra sukla trayodasyam dinais siddhaikavingsakaih

Ayata satsahasrena dhanusamsasatena ca dvavingsena pulse ramya Gomati nirmalodaka //

pitamahasya rajarser vvidaryya sibiravanim brahmanair GGO sahasrena prayati krtadaksina // "

The story of the history and heritage resources Tarumanagara kingdom complete. Indonesia is one country that has a lot of stories and history of culture therefore we as a nation must continue to maintain the culture of that culture that we have today is not taken by another nation. On this occasion I would like to share your information to the students and the entire people of Indonesia on the history of the kingdom and its State Taruma historical relics of this kingdom.

From various sources I can Founder Tarumanagara kingdom is Rajadirajaguru Jayasingawarman ie in the year 358 AD, and was replaced by his son, Dharmayawarman the year (382-395 AD). Jayasingawarman dipusarakan Gomati on the bank, while his son at the edge of time Candrabaga.

Maharaja Purnawarman is the third king of Tarumanagara kingdom is in years (395-434 AD). He built a new capital of the empire in 397 AD which is located closer to the beach. The city was named the first time Sundapura Sundanese name used. In 417 AD he ordered the excavation along the river Gomati and Candrabaga 6112 spears (about 11 miles).

Completed excavation, the prabu hold salvation with menyedekahkan 1,000 cows to the Brahmans (Brahmin is one class of work or colors in Hinduism. They are the ones who are able to master the teaching scholars, knowledge, customs, manners to religious)

Through historical heritage inscription Sand Estuary has been mentioned that the event returns to the reign of the king of Sunda was made in 536 AD, the year that became the ruler of the kingdom of Tarumanagara is Suryavarman years (535-561 AD) King of Tarumanagara to-7.

In Candrawarman reign (515-535 AD), father Suryavarman, many local authorities that receive governmental power over the territory as a reward for loyalty to the kingdom of Tarumanagara.

Through the inscription can be concluded that the king of Sunda in the year 536 AD, was the capital sundapura has changed its status to a regional kingdoms and this means, the central government of the kingdom of Tarumanagara has shifted to another place.

Similar examples can be seen from kedudukaan Rajatapura or Salakanagara (Silver City), which is called argyre by Ptolemy in the year 150 AD The city was until the year 362 became the administrative center of the kings Dewawarman (from Dewawarman I - VIII).

When the central government to switch from Rajatapura Tarumanagara, then transfer to a royal Salakanagara area. Jayasingawarman founder of the kingdom of Tarumanagara is king Dewawarman law VIII. He was himself a Salankayana sages of India who fled to the archipelago because the area was attacked and conquered the emperor Samudragupta of royal Magada.

History and legacy of Tarumanagara kingdom

1. Tugu inscription
"pura rajadhirajena guruna pinabahuna khata khyatam Purim prapya candrabhagarnnavam yayau //

pravarddhamane dvavingsad vatsare sri gunau narendradhvajabhutena services srimata purnavarmmana //

prarabhya Phalguna mase khata krsnastami tithau Caitra sukla trayodasyam dinais siddhaikavingsakaih

Ayata satsahasrena dhanusamsasatena ca dvavingsena pulse ramya Gomati nirmalodaka //

pitamahasya rajarser vvidaryya sibiravanim brahmanair GGO sahasrena prayati krtadaksina // "

translation:
"Formerly named Candrabhaga river had been dug by the noble emperor and who have strong arms and strong that Purnnawarmman

to flow into the sea, after time (river channel) is up in the famous royal palace.

In the year 22 of the throne of His Majesty King Purnnawarmman dazzling because intelligence and wisdom as well as being the banner of all kings,

so now he was also commissioned to dig times (river channel) are gorgeous and clear water Gomati his name, after time (channel river) flows passing in the middle-ground tegah residence of Her Majesty the Reverend Nenekda (King Purnnawarmman).

The work began on a good day, the 8th of the month Caitra half-dark, so it only lasted 21 days, while the excavation channel 6122 arc length. Salvation for him done by the Brahmins with 1000 cows were awarded ".

2. Inscription Kebon Coffee
Fill Coffee Plantation inscription reads: ~ ~ ~ ~ jayavisalasya Tarumendrasya hastinah Airwavatabhasya vibhatidam = padadvayam

translation:
"Here appears imaged pair of feet ... who like Airawata, elephant Taruma great ruler in ... .and (?) Glory". Because writing the inscription has been somewhat vague so difficult to translate and its meaning difficult to disclose, then that can be read and translated a few words / sentences.

3. Inscription Cidanghiyang / Lebak
This inscription contains two lines of the poem with the letter Pallawa and Sanskrit is found in lowland villages on the banks of the River Cidahiyang.
This inscription tells about the greatness and courage of King Purnawarman. The story begins by rampant sea pirates who move in the territory of the Kingdom of Tarumanagara.

Sea pirates were already too troubling the kingdom of Tarumanagara with piracy climax of the boat Tarumanagara kingdom officials. This news is so heard by King Purnawarwan then he himself who wishes to overcome it.
Inscription Lebak also known inscription Inscription Munjul or Cidahiyang.

4. Inscription Guava
Fill Cashew inscription: "Data shirman kertajnyo narapatir - asamo well temple tarumayam shri name Purnawarman pracuraripucara fedyavikyatavarmrno tasyedam-padavimbadvayam Arna-dakshambhaktanamyandripanan garotsadane Nitya-bhavati sukhakakaramshalyabhutam ripunam."

translation:
"The famous and loyal to the king's task is matchless named Sri Purnawarman who once ruled Taruma and armor shield can not be penetrated by the arrows of his enemies.

The second belongs to Him footprints, which always managed to destroy the enemy castle, which is always presented banquet to honor the faithful, but it is a thorn in the side of his enemies. "

5. Inscription Ciaruteun
Fill Ciaruteun inscription: "eh vikkrantasyavanipat srimatah purnnavarmmanah tarumanagarendrasya visnoriva padadvayam"

Translation: "
This (sign) a pair of feet were as the feet of the god Vishnu (preserver) is a glorious palm of the Purnnawamman, king in the land of Taruma, valiant king in the world".

6. Inscription Sand Awi
Inscription Sand Awi berpahatkan picture branches with twigs and leaves and fruits (not characters) berpahatkan also drawing a pair of feet.

7. Inscription Estuary Cianten
Muara inscription carved in stone Cianten large and natural with the size of 2.70 x 1:40 x 140 m3. This historical relic called the inscription because there are scratches but is sculptured images tendrils (helical) or curls are out of the bulb.

Thanks I hope the above article can be very helpful for students and researchers of history, and hopefully of the you there are  you who know a lot more related news could give advice it to me

History of the Ancient Mataram

"The history of ancient Mataram kingdom" is located in Central Java with its central area called Bhumi Mataram. The area is surrounded by mountains and mountains, such as Serayu Mountains, Mount Prau, Mount Sindoro, Sumbing, Mount Ungaran, Merbabu, Mount Merapi, Kendang Mountains, Lawu, Mount Sewu, Mount Kidul.

The area was also drained many rivers, including the River Bogowonto, Progo, Elo, and the largest is the Solo River.

The area is a closed area, but fertile. It facilitates the increase of soil fertility resident, so the role and power of the people in that area is quite large and is a major force for the country.

South "Bhumi Mataram is the Ocean Indonesia", but it is difficult to navigable sea. While shipping and trade is mostly done through the north coast "Java", which is a bit far from the Bhumi Mataram. Therefore, the main livelihood of the people is agriculture, while the trade sector received less attention.

Sanjaya dynasty

1. Source History

Evidence establishment Sanjaya Dynasty can be seen through the inscription Canggal (Kedu area) in 732 AD, Frasasti Balitung, Book story Parahyangan.

Inscription Canggal (732 M) The inscription was made during the reign of King Sanjaya associated with establishing the phallus which is a manifestation of Lord Shiva. This suggests that their religion is Hinduism.

Inscription Balitung (907) This inscription is a copper inscription issued by "King Diah Balitung". Diah Balitung this inscription issued in connection with a gift of land to five people patihnya in Mantyasih, because five patihnya it has made a large contribution to the kingdom.

In the inscription mentioned the name of the king who ruled the kingdom of Mataram from Sanjaya dynasty.

Book story Parahyangan It tells about matters of kings Sanjaya.

2. Political Life

Mataram kingdom ruled by kings descended from Sanjaya Dynasty. Kings who ever contributed in Mataram Kingdom include:

`

"Rakai Mataram Queen Sanjaya" According Canggal Inscription (732 AD), King Sanjaya is the founder of the Mataram kingdom of the Sanjaya Dynasty. Sanjaya king ruled with very fairly and wisely so. people guaranteed safe and secure;

In the religious problem, King Sanjaya bring pastors wing Hindu Shiva.

Of the priests, kings can mernper-in Hindu Shiva. Adoration of the highest in the kingdom of Mataram was given to Lord Shiva who is regarded as the supreme god. To worship the gods, founded temples.

King Sanjaya died about the middle of the 8th century AD He was replaced by Panangkaran. Successive replacement Panangkaran is Samaragrawira and Rakai Garung. The third king is not so clearly known forms of government, due to lack of evidence to inform their doings.

Sri Maharaja Rakai  Pikatan After death, Rakai Pikatan ascended the throne. As king, he aspires to dominate the entire region of Central Java. To implement ideals that / Rakai Pikatan have to deal with the Royal dynasty which at the time was ruled by King Balaputra dewa.

War may not be executed, because the power of the kingdom of Mataram dynasty preponderate. Therefore, the path is proposed Rakai Pikatan daughter of the Royal dynasty named Pramodhawardani. Supposedly Pramodhawardani dynasty ruled over the kingdom, but he gave way to Balaputra Gods.

To achieve its goals, Rakai Pikatan Pramodhawardani urged to want to pull back from Balaputra Gods throne, so the civil war erupted. In the war. King Balaputra dewa can be defeated and fled to the kingdom of Srivijaya.

Sri Maharaja Rakai Kayuwangi In bringing together government, Rakai Kayuwangi assisted by an Advisory Board concurrently executive staff consisting of five governor and chaired by a mahapatih.

In addition, Rakai Kayuwangi strive to promote agriculture, because agriculture will be able to support the activities of economic life rak¬yatnya. In the religious field, the attention of the king is very large. It is evident from the inscriptions found in the Dieng and Plaosan.

Sri Maharaja Rakai Rakai Watuhumalang  reign can not be known, because the inscriptions from his reign no mention government period. Inscriptions terse¬but more talk about religious matters.

Therefore, during the reign of Rakai Watuhumalang, religious issues more specific attention than pemerin¬tahan problem.

Sri Maharaja Watukura Balitung, Balitung king is a king of Mataram large and competent. He managed to overcome the problems faced by the Kingdom of Mataram

of his reign no mention peme¬rmtahannya period.

Inscriptions terse¬but more talk about religious matters. Therefore, during the reign of Rakai Watuhumalang, religious issues more specific attention than pemerin¬tahan problem.

Sri Maharaja Watukura Balitung Balitung king is a king of Mataram large and competent. He managed to overcome the problems faced by the Kingdom of Mataram and reunite kingdoms almost torn apart by conflict antarkaum nobility. Increasing people's welfare and safety is ensured, even his territory extends to the East Java.

Balitung Diah ruled Mataram until the year 910 AD His reign was much left inscriptions. The most important is Mantyasih inscription Inscription (Kedu) which contains the genealogy of the kings of Mataram from King Sanjaya up with King Diah Balitung.

During his reign is known that there are three important positions, namely Rakryan I Hi-no (highest officials under the king). Furthermore Rakryan I Halu and Rakryan I Sirikan. The third position is the trinity and the name of this office continues to be used by subsequent kingdoms Singasari-Majapahit era.

Sri Maharaja Daksha Substitute Diah Balitung is Daksha. Before becoming King of Mataram he served as Rakryan I Hino. During the pemerintahan¬nya, manufacture Prambanan successfully completed. The reign of King Daksha did not last long and was replaced by Tulodhong. The reign of Tulodhong very short and did not happen the things that stand out or important.

Substitute Wawa Sri Maharaja Rakai  King Tulodhong is Wawa. In carrying out his reign he was assisted by MPU Sindok who served as Rakryan I Hino. In the reign of turmoil that spread to the capital of the kingdom. Mess it can be overcome, so that security can be restored.

After Rakai Wawa died, he was succeeded by MPU Sindok. Narnun, because anxiety to attacks launched by Srivijaya, the MPU Sindok move the center of government, from Central Java, East Java. Since then, ended the power of the kingdom of Mataram in Central Java.

 Sailendra dynasty

In the middle of the 8th century AD in the southern part of Central Java, namely in the area Bagelan and Yogyakarta, reigning king of the Sailendra dynasty. Kingdom also known as the Royal dynasty. Ber-based evidence in the form of relics of the kingdom dynasty temples, Sailendra territory covers the southern part of Central Java, which is the region of Yogyakarta and surrounding areas.

In the reign of King Balaputra dewa, it is known that the position of the center of the kingdom of Sailendra is located in a mountainous area in the south. It noodles based on the location of the palace relics Boko.

1. Source History

Sources history dynasty kingdom is not so much who made it known, either in the form of inscriptions and archaeological relics. Inscriptions have been found in them as follows.

Kalasan inscription (778 M) This inscription mentions a king of the Sailendra dynasty (Kingdom dynasty) who managed to appoint Panangkaran to establish a sacred building for Tara and a bihara for pastors. Panangkaran finally clicking Kalasan village as a present to the Buddhist Sangha.

Kelurak inscription (782 M) in the area Prambanar This inscription mentions the manufacturing area which is a manifestation of Manjushri Buddha, Vishnu, Manjushri and the Sangha, which can be equated with Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva. This inscription also mentions the name of the reigning monarch, named King Indra.

Inscription Boko (856 M) This inscription mentions the defeat of King Balaputra Gods in a civil war against his brother Pramodhawardani and subsequently fled to the Kingdom.

Nalanda inscription (860 M) This inscription mentions about the origin of the King Balaputra Gods. Mentioned that Balaputra god is. son of King Samarotungga and grandson of King Indra (the Royal dynasty in Central Java).

2. Political Life

At the end of the 8th century AD, Sanjaya dynasty pushed by another dynasty, the Sailendra dynasty. This event occurs when the Sanjaya dynasty ruled by Panangkaran. This was evidenced by Kalasan inscription (in 778 AD), which states that Panangkaran received orders from the King Vishnu to establish Kalasan (Buddhist temple).

Although the position of the kings of the dynasty were pressed by Sanjaya dynasty dynasty, but their position as a respectable king continues to be recognized. Just be subject to kings dynasty as the supreme authority over the whole of Mataram.

Based on the inscriptions which have found can know the kings that ever reigned Sailendra dynasty, among them:

King Indra Sailendra dynasty run policy of expansion in the reign of King Indra.

Periuasan this area is intended to bring the areas around the waterway. Furthermore, the strengthening effect of the Srivijaya dynasty rule is because King Indra run a political marriage. King Indra marry his son to the daughter of the King of Srivijaya "Samarottungga."

King Samarottungga Substitute King Indra named Samarottungga. Fada days of power built Borobudur. But before the construction of Borobudur Temple is completed, King Samarottungga died and was succeeded by his son Balaputra god who is the son of a concubine.

But actual entitled to replace is his daughter who was born of the empress named Pramodhawardani. He refused, because it is impossible able to govern. Finally throne submitted to Balaputra dewa (his half sister).

After Pramodhawardani married to "Rakai Pikatan " (who wants to unite all the power in Central Java under the Sanjaya dynasty) indicated a number of changes. Rakai Pikatan Pramodhawardani urged to withdraw his throne back, so there was a civil war between Pramodhawardani assisted by Rakai Pikatan with Balaputra dewa. In the civil war god Kala Balaputra Hill Boko (Inscription Boko year 856 AD) and subsequently fled to the Srivijaya, and immediately made king in the Kingdom.

History The story of the Golden Kingdom of Majapahit

The story of the history of the kingdom of Majapahit shadow we certainly seemed flasback to the past in which the kingdom of Majapahit never be a great empire in the archipelago even to master asia today, with king Hayam Wuruk (rooster from the east) and Gajah Mada mahapatih famous governor by oath palapanya .
Before the founding of Majapahit, Singhasari has become a powerful kingdom in Java Withering. This is a concern of Kublai Khan, the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty in China. He sent a messenger named Meng Chi to Singhasari demanding tribute.
Kertanagara, ruler of the kingdom Singhasari latter refused to pay tribute and to embarrass the envoy with damaging her face and cut off his ear. Kublai Khan angry and then dispatched a large expedition to Java in 1293.
When it is, Jayakatwang, duke of Kediri, already overthrow and kill Kertanegara. On the advice of Aria Wiraraja, Jayakatwang give forgiveness to Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara son, who came to surrender.Then, Wiraraja sent messengers to Daha, who brought the letter contains a statement, Raden Wijaya give up and want to serve Jayakatwang.Jawaban of the above letter was greeted with pleasure.

Raden Wijaya then given Pull forest. He opened the forest and build a new village. The village was named Majapahit, whose name is derived from the fruit maja, and a sense of "bitter" of the fruit. When the Mongols arrived, Wijaya allied with the Mongols to fight Jayakatwang.

After successfully dropping Jayakatwang, Raden Wijaya turns against allies Mongolnya forcing them pull back its troops home frantically because they are in a foreign country.When it was also their last chance to catch the monsoon winds in order to go home, or they are forced to wait another six months on a foreign island.The exact date is used as the date of birth of the Majapahit kingdom was Raden Wijaya coronation as king, which is the 15th of the month of Kartika in 1215 saka which coincides with the date of 10 November 1293.He was named the official name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. The kingdom was facing a problem. Some people trusted Kertarajasa, including Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi rebelled against him, despite the unsuccessful uprising.Ranggalawe rebellion is supported by Panji Mahajaya, Arya Sidi Ra, Ra Jaran Waha, Latitude Ra, Ra Tosan, Wren Ra and Ra Tati. All of these are mentioned in Pararaton.Slamet Muljana mahapatih Halayudha suspect that the one who did all the conspiracy to overthrow the king trusted, so that he can achieve the highest position in the government. But after the death of the last rebel (Kuti), Halayudha arrested and imprisoned, and then executed. Wijaya died in 1309.Son and successor Wijaya is Jayanegara. Pararaton call Kala Gemet, which means "weak villain". Approximately at a time within Jayanegara government, an Italian priest, Odorico da Pordenone visited the palace of Majapahit in Java.In 1328, Jayanegara killed by his doctors, Tanca. Gayatri Rajapatni stepmother is supposed to replace, but Rajapatni chose to resign from the palace and become a nun. Rajapatni Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi appoints daughter to be queen of Majapahit.In 1336, Tribhuwana appointed Gajah Mada as Mahapatih, during the inauguration of Gajah Mada say Palapa Oath which indicate plans to widen the Majapahit and build an empire.During power Tribhuwana, Majapahit kingdom become larger and well-known in the archipelago. Tribhuwana Majapahit ruled until her death in 1350. He was succeeded by his son, Hayam Wuruk.

Majapahit future triumph

We already know the Majapahit empire as one of the major kingdoms in Indonesia in the past. This kingdom has reached the peak of its greatness and its height in the XIV century, during the reign of king Hayam Wuruk. at that time, power and greatness of the kingdom of Majapahit Very spacious. This kingdom has influence throughout the country, even to neighboring countries in Southeast Asia.In 1894, the Dutch attacked the Castle Cakranegara in Bali. King was killed, Castle burned, people killed and robbed the wealth of gold treasure. One thing that was robbed is an ancient manuscript of the year 1365, the book written by Professor Prapanca Kertagama State.This book describes the splendor of the country when the king of Majapahit prabu Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada governor in power. This book is a glittering diamond in our library because it comes from the ancient kingdom of Indonesia, when the sun is shining brightly greatness archipelago (Purwadi, 2010: 143).Majapahit Empire during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk has reached its golden crest. From news Prapanca in kakawin Nagarakertagama, we know at the time of Hayam Wuruk areas under the influence of Majapahit Very spacious (I Ketut Riana, 2009: 96-110).

Areas of influence Majapahit covers nearly the size of the State of Indonesia now, which of the areas on the island of Sumatra in the west to the areas in the eastern Maluku.Even at the time of Majapahit influence extends to the neighboring countries in Southeast Asia that is woven in the form of friendship equivalent (Djafar Hasan, 2009: 46).After being under the rule of kings successor, the Majapahit kingdom gradually began to experience a period of kesuramannya. Greatness and power of the Majapahit kingdom gradually began to disappear. Finally, the


Majapahit empire collapsed.

However, in conjunction with the ongoing collapse of the Majapahit empire emerged Compositions new forces in the north coast of Central Java and East Java. These new forces can gradually replace the role and position of the kingdom of Majapahit (Hasan Djafar, 2009: 46).Broad areas of influence of Majapahit in the archipelago corroborated by statements expressed Tome Pires in his Suma Oriental in 1512-1515. in Suma Oriental is, Tome Pires made a statement that until about the beginning of the XV century Majapahit influence still controlled almost the entire archipelago (Hasan Djafar, 2009: 47).We must admit that at the time of Majapahit was an empire with the premise that to be agrarian economy semi-commercial.Influence -setidak least kultural- fairly widespread influence. At that time, the authorities have managed to fully enforce Majapahit political unity in a region that extent unprecedented in previous periods (Sartono Kartodirdjo, 1969: 11).As reflected in Kakawin Nagarakertagama (I Ketut Riana, 2010), the relationship with the other kingdoms in the archipelago is a provincial cooperative relationship of mutual benefit. Agrarian empire of Majapahit as semi commercial interest to obtain commodities trading and marketing areas agrarisnya product.Thus, Majapahit as a superpower country is obliged to protect areas in the archipelago to maintain the stability of provincial, especially in the socio-economic (Hasan Djafar, 2009: 48-49).In the historical complex that is included in the sphere of influence of Srivijaya, Majapahit although entry supremacy region, such as the above developments occur.In the news about his travels, Marco Polo also mentions Tumasik and Samudra Pasai as a kingdom which recognizes the power of Majapahit. Also Ibn Batuta has called Samudra Pasai it (Sartono Kartodirjo, 1987: 3).Among the ancient kingdoms in Indonesia, Majapahit kingdom is the only one we can know his government with a rather complete.This is actually just one part of the whole history of the Majapahit period, ie from the reign of Hayam Wuruk (Hasan Djafar, 2009: 51).

In the reign of Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit had reached the peak of gold and glory. At that time, Majapahit already have a regular shape and a stable government.As for the aftermath, especially around the time of its collapse, we do not have a lot of materials that can be used to find a picture of the shape and composition of government in Majapahit.However, from the existing materials, the amount is very little we can still conclude that the shape and composition of the government of the kingdom of Majapahit in the period after the golden age has not changed much.Therefore, we say and imagine that the political structure in general in the Majapahit kingdom ahead of its collapse when the condition was not much different from the previous era (Hasan Djafar, 2009: 51).News tradition says that the kingdom of Majapahit in 1400 Saka (ilang gone kertaning earth). The collapse was caused by an attack of Demak.But based on archaeological evidence comes to us can be known, that at that time the kingdom of Majapahit not collapse even still standing for some time longer.Stone inscriptions from 1408 Saka (1486 AD) proved that at that time the kingdom of Majapahit still stand. In the inscriptions were mentioned, the king named Dyah Ranawijaya Girindra-wardhana (Sartono Kartodirdjo.dkk, 1987: 274).China News from ming dynasty still call their diplomatic relations between China and Java (Majapahit) in the year 1499. While the news of Portuguese and Italian from the beginning of the 16th century, it can be concluded, that at that time the kingdom of Majapahit still exist (Sartono Kartodirdjo.dkk, 1987: 275).As noted above, based on the news Portuguese and Italian, at the beginning of the 16th century Majapahit kingdom was still standing. Portuguese news from 1514 and the Italian news from 1918 still mentions the existence of a Hindu kingdom (Majapahit) in Java.


 However, the news of the Italian author Antonia Pigafetta from 1522 gives the impression, that at that time the kingdom of Majapahit had nothing in its message about the state of Java he argued that in 1522 Majapahit only mentioned as a city only, not as a royal .

Furthermore in the preaching of the kingdom in Java, he argues that Pigafetta mentions also the name Pati Unus as king of Majapahit, when he was still alive (Sartono Kartodirjo, 1987: 10).

End of Glory Majapahit PeriodIn the kingdom of Majapahit, when Hayam Wuruk with Gajah Mada governor still in power, the political situation is calm center of the kingdom, so many areas of the archipelago claimed were under his protection.But since Gajah Mada died (1364 AD) and followed Hayam Wuruk (1389 AD), Majapahit situation again experienced a shock. Power struggle between Wikramawhardana and Bhre Wirabumi lasted more than ten years.After Bhre Wirabumi died, a power struggle among the palace re-emerged and protracted. In the year 1468 AD Majapahit attacked Girindrawardhana of Kediri. Since the greatness of Majapahit can be said to have discharged.Tome Pires (1512-1515 AD), in his Suma Oriental, no longer mentioning the name of Majapahit. Weaknesses are increasingly peaked eventually lead to its collapse.

Greatness and glory of Majapahit kingdom, which has reached the peak of its height in the mid-fourteenth century, gradually began to recede. This happens because the Gajah Mada sepeninggalan a joke that no one is able to control the wheels of government are large and spacious territory.

In addition, after the death of king Hayam Wuruk appears a new problem that afflicts family Majapahit kings, namely the problem of power struggles and family conflict dragged on and lead to war between the families of the kings of Majapahit.

Such situation is causing divisions and weaknesses in various areas of life in the reign of the kingdom of Majapahit. as a result, the kingdom of Majapahit become brittle from within. Finally, when it appears new developments in Southeast Asia, particularly in the archipelago, which is when the growing religion of Islam and the rise of a new power in the coastal areas as well as the advent of the Europeans around 1500, the Kingdom of Majapahit already very weak and approached the brink of collapse (Hasan Djafar, 2009: 62).The contradiction between the kings of Majapahit family first appeared in the government Wikramawardhana (Bhra Hyan Wisesa).From Parameswari Hayam Wuruk obtain a daughter named Kusumawardhani are then used as the crown princess.Kusumawardhani married to her cousin named Wikramawardhana, namely children Bhre Pajan Rajasaduhiteswari, younger sister of king Hayam Wuruk. So, is the nephew and son-Wikramawardhana Hayam WurukOf wives concubine (rabihaji), Hayam Wuruk obtain a son, namely Bhre Wirabhumi (Pararaton: 37).because it was born of a concubine wife, then he is not entitled to the throne of the kingdom of Majapahit. Nevertheless, he still is empowered by his father to rule in the eastern part, which is in the area Balambangan.The Kusumawardhani and her husband obtain the west and located in MajapahitIn the Fiber Pararaton, events family conflict between Wikramawardhana (Bhra Hyan Wisesa) with this Wirabhumi Bhre.