History of the Ancient Mataram

"The history of ancient Mataram kingdom" is located in Central Java with its central area called Bhumi Mataram. The area is surrounded by mountains and mountains, such as Serayu Mountains, Mount Prau, Mount Sindoro, Sumbing, Mount Ungaran, Merbabu, Mount Merapi, Kendang Mountains, Lawu, Mount Sewu, Mount Kidul.

The area was also drained many rivers, including the River Bogowonto, Progo, Elo, and the largest is the Solo River.

The area is a closed area, but fertile. It facilitates the increase of soil fertility resident, so the role and power of the people in that area is quite large and is a major force for the country.

South "Bhumi Mataram is the Ocean Indonesia", but it is difficult to navigable sea. While shipping and trade is mostly done through the north coast "Java", which is a bit far from the Bhumi Mataram. Therefore, the main livelihood of the people is agriculture, while the trade sector received less attention.

Sanjaya dynasty

1. Source History

Evidence establishment Sanjaya Dynasty can be seen through the inscription Canggal (Kedu area) in 732 AD, Frasasti Balitung, Book story Parahyangan.

Inscription Canggal (732 M) The inscription was made during the reign of King Sanjaya associated with establishing the phallus which is a manifestation of Lord Shiva. This suggests that their religion is Hinduism.

Inscription Balitung (907) This inscription is a copper inscription issued by "King Diah Balitung". Diah Balitung this inscription issued in connection with a gift of land to five people patihnya in Mantyasih, because five patihnya it has made a large contribution to the kingdom.

In the inscription mentioned the name of the king who ruled the kingdom of Mataram from Sanjaya dynasty.

Book story Parahyangan It tells about matters of kings Sanjaya.

2. Political Life

Mataram kingdom ruled by kings descended from Sanjaya Dynasty. Kings who ever contributed in Mataram Kingdom include:

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"Rakai Mataram Queen Sanjaya" According Canggal Inscription (732 AD), King Sanjaya is the founder of the Mataram kingdom of the Sanjaya Dynasty. Sanjaya king ruled with very fairly and wisely so. people guaranteed safe and secure;

In the religious problem, King Sanjaya bring pastors wing Hindu Shiva.

Of the priests, kings can mernper-in Hindu Shiva. Adoration of the highest in the kingdom of Mataram was given to Lord Shiva who is regarded as the supreme god. To worship the gods, founded temples.

King Sanjaya died about the middle of the 8th century AD He was replaced by Panangkaran. Successive replacement Panangkaran is Samaragrawira and Rakai Garung. The third king is not so clearly known forms of government, due to lack of evidence to inform their doings.

Sri Maharaja Rakai  Pikatan After death, Rakai Pikatan ascended the throne. As king, he aspires to dominate the entire region of Central Java. To implement ideals that / Rakai Pikatan have to deal with the Royal dynasty which at the time was ruled by King Balaputra dewa.

War may not be executed, because the power of the kingdom of Mataram dynasty preponderate. Therefore, the path is proposed Rakai Pikatan daughter of the Royal dynasty named Pramodhawardani. Supposedly Pramodhawardani dynasty ruled over the kingdom, but he gave way to Balaputra Gods.

To achieve its goals, Rakai Pikatan Pramodhawardani urged to want to pull back from Balaputra Gods throne, so the civil war erupted. In the war. King Balaputra dewa can be defeated and fled to the kingdom of Srivijaya.

Sri Maharaja Rakai Kayuwangi In bringing together government, Rakai Kayuwangi assisted by an Advisory Board concurrently executive staff consisting of five governor and chaired by a mahapatih.

In addition, Rakai Kayuwangi strive to promote agriculture, because agriculture will be able to support the activities of economic life rak¬yatnya. In the religious field, the attention of the king is very large. It is evident from the inscriptions found in the Dieng and Plaosan.

Sri Maharaja Rakai Rakai Watuhumalang  reign can not be known, because the inscriptions from his reign no mention government period. Inscriptions terse¬but more talk about religious matters.

Therefore, during the reign of Rakai Watuhumalang, religious issues more specific attention than pemerin¬tahan problem.

Sri Maharaja Watukura Balitung, Balitung king is a king of Mataram large and competent. He managed to overcome the problems faced by the Kingdom of Mataram

of his reign no mention peme¬rmtahannya period.

Inscriptions terse¬but more talk about religious matters. Therefore, during the reign of Rakai Watuhumalang, religious issues more specific attention than pemerin¬tahan problem.

Sri Maharaja Watukura Balitung Balitung king is a king of Mataram large and competent. He managed to overcome the problems faced by the Kingdom of Mataram and reunite kingdoms almost torn apart by conflict antarkaum nobility. Increasing people's welfare and safety is ensured, even his territory extends to the East Java.

Balitung Diah ruled Mataram until the year 910 AD His reign was much left inscriptions. The most important is Mantyasih inscription Inscription (Kedu) which contains the genealogy of the kings of Mataram from King Sanjaya up with King Diah Balitung.

During his reign is known that there are three important positions, namely Rakryan I Hi-no (highest officials under the king). Furthermore Rakryan I Halu and Rakryan I Sirikan. The third position is the trinity and the name of this office continues to be used by subsequent kingdoms Singasari-Majapahit era.

Sri Maharaja Daksha Substitute Diah Balitung is Daksha. Before becoming King of Mataram he served as Rakryan I Hino. During the pemerintahan¬nya, manufacture Prambanan successfully completed. The reign of King Daksha did not last long and was replaced by Tulodhong. The reign of Tulodhong very short and did not happen the things that stand out or important.

Substitute Wawa Sri Maharaja Rakai  King Tulodhong is Wawa. In carrying out his reign he was assisted by MPU Sindok who served as Rakryan I Hino. In the reign of turmoil that spread to the capital of the kingdom. Mess it can be overcome, so that security can be restored.

After Rakai Wawa died, he was succeeded by MPU Sindok. Narnun, because anxiety to attacks launched by Srivijaya, the MPU Sindok move the center of government, from Central Java, East Java. Since then, ended the power of the kingdom of Mataram in Central Java.

 Sailendra dynasty

In the middle of the 8th century AD in the southern part of Central Java, namely in the area Bagelan and Yogyakarta, reigning king of the Sailendra dynasty. Kingdom also known as the Royal dynasty. Ber-based evidence in the form of relics of the kingdom dynasty temples, Sailendra territory covers the southern part of Central Java, which is the region of Yogyakarta and surrounding areas.

In the reign of King Balaputra dewa, it is known that the position of the center of the kingdom of Sailendra is located in a mountainous area in the south. It noodles based on the location of the palace relics Boko.

1. Source History

Sources history dynasty kingdom is not so much who made it known, either in the form of inscriptions and archaeological relics. Inscriptions have been found in them as follows.

Kalasan inscription (778 M) This inscription mentions a king of the Sailendra dynasty (Kingdom dynasty) who managed to appoint Panangkaran to establish a sacred building for Tara and a bihara for pastors. Panangkaran finally clicking Kalasan village as a present to the Buddhist Sangha.

Kelurak inscription (782 M) in the area Prambanar This inscription mentions the manufacturing area which is a manifestation of Manjushri Buddha, Vishnu, Manjushri and the Sangha, which can be equated with Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva. This inscription also mentions the name of the reigning monarch, named King Indra.

Inscription Boko (856 M) This inscription mentions the defeat of King Balaputra Gods in a civil war against his brother Pramodhawardani and subsequently fled to the Kingdom.

Nalanda inscription (860 M) This inscription mentions about the origin of the King Balaputra Gods. Mentioned that Balaputra god is. son of King Samarotungga and grandson of King Indra (the Royal dynasty in Central Java).

2. Political Life

At the end of the 8th century AD, Sanjaya dynasty pushed by another dynasty, the Sailendra dynasty. This event occurs when the Sanjaya dynasty ruled by Panangkaran. This was evidenced by Kalasan inscription (in 778 AD), which states that Panangkaran received orders from the King Vishnu to establish Kalasan (Buddhist temple).

Although the position of the kings of the dynasty were pressed by Sanjaya dynasty dynasty, but their position as a respectable king continues to be recognized. Just be subject to kings dynasty as the supreme authority over the whole of Mataram.

Based on the inscriptions which have found can know the kings that ever reigned Sailendra dynasty, among them:

King Indra Sailendra dynasty run policy of expansion in the reign of King Indra.

Periuasan this area is intended to bring the areas around the waterway. Furthermore, the strengthening effect of the Srivijaya dynasty rule is because King Indra run a political marriage. King Indra marry his son to the daughter of the King of Srivijaya "Samarottungga."

King Samarottungga Substitute King Indra named Samarottungga. Fada days of power built Borobudur. But before the construction of Borobudur Temple is completed, King Samarottungga died and was succeeded by his son Balaputra god who is the son of a concubine.

But actual entitled to replace is his daughter who was born of the empress named Pramodhawardani. He refused, because it is impossible able to govern. Finally throne submitted to Balaputra dewa (his half sister).

After Pramodhawardani married to "Rakai Pikatan " (who wants to unite all the power in Central Java under the Sanjaya dynasty) indicated a number of changes. Rakai Pikatan Pramodhawardani urged to withdraw his throne back, so there was a civil war between Pramodhawardani assisted by Rakai Pikatan with Balaputra dewa. In the civil war god Kala Balaputra Hill Boko (Inscription Boko year 856 AD) and subsequently fled to the Srivijaya, and immediately made king in the Kingdom.

Sanjaya Dynasty History In Ancient Mataram Kingdom

prambanan tample

History of Sanjaya dynasty in ancient Mataram kingdom / Medang historians generally refer to three dynasties that once ruled the Kingdom Medang, namely Sanjaya and Sailendra dynasty in Central Java period, and Isyana dynasty in the period of East Java.

Sanjaya dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the kingdom Medang Central Java period or commonly called "the Ancient Mataram". This dynasty, together with Sailendra ruled Medang Kingdom.

The term was introduced by the Sanjaya dynasty historian named Dr. Bosch in his essay entitled Srivijaya, de Sailendrawamsa en de Sanjayawamsa (1952).

He mentioned that, in the Kingdom Medang there are two ruling dynasties, namely Sanjaya and the Sailendra dynasty. Sanjaya dynasty term refers to the name of the founder of the Kingdom Medang, namely Sanjaya who ruled about 732 years.

Origin:

Based Canggal Inscription (732 M) is known Sanjaya is the successor to the king of Java Sanna, Hinduism flow of Shiva, and oriented to Kunjarakunja in the regions of India, and established a new Shivalingga shows the central government building baru.Menurut Carita Parahyangan interpretation of texts drawn from age then, Sanjaya described as the prince of Galuh which eventually ruled in Mataram.

Mother of Sanjaya is Sanaha, grandson Shima of the kingdom of Kalinga in Jepara. Sanjaya is Sena's father / Sanna / Bratasenawa, third Galuh king. Sena is the son Mandiminyak, second Galuh king (702-709 AD). Later, Sanjaya, who is the legitimate successor Galuh Kingdom, attacking Galuh with the help Tarusbawa, king of Sunda. This attack aims to depose Purbasora.

When Tarusbawa died in the year 723, Sundanese and Galuh power in the hands of Sanjaya. In his hands, the Sunda and Galuh reunited. 732, Sanjaya hand over power to his son Sunda-Galuh Rarkyan Panaraban (Tamperan). In Kalinga, Sanjaya held power for 22 years (732-754), who was later replaced by the son of the goddess Sudiwara, namely Panangkaran. Broadly speaking, the story of Carita Parahyangan in accordance with the inscription Canggal.

Panangkaran defeated by newcomer dynasty of Sumatra named Sailendra. Based on the interpretation of Kalasan inscription (778 AD), in the year 778 Buddhist Sailendra king ruled Mahayana Panangkaran to establish "Kalasan".

Since that time the kingdom ruled by the Sailendra Medang. Until finally a crown princess Sailendra named Pramodawardhani married with Pikatan Rakai, a descendant of Sanjaya, in the 840s. Rakai Pikatan then inherit the throne in-law. Thus, Sanjaya dynasty returned to power in Medang.

Theory rejected:

Poerbatjaraka historians deny the existence of Sanjaya dynasty. According to him, Sanjaya dynasty never existed, because Sanjaya himself a member of Sailendra. Dynasty was originally a Hindu, as Sailendra term meaning "ruler of the mountain" is the name for Shiva.

In addition, the term Sanjayawangsa never found in any inscription, while the term Sailendrawangsa found in several inscriptions, eg Ligor inscription, inscriptions Kalasan, and inscriptions Abhayagiriwihara.

Poerbatjaraka found, Sanjaya has ordered his son, namely Panangkaran converted from Hinduism to Buddhism. This theory is based on the story of the Carita Parahyangan that Rahyang Sanjaya told Rahyang Panaraban to convert. Thus, what is meant by the term "Sailendra king" in the inscription Kalasan Rakai Panagkaran is none other than his own.

story's Parahyangan were written hundreds of years after the death of Sanjaya. Nevertheless, the story above as evidenced by the discovery of the inscription King Sankhara which tells the story of a prince named Sankhara which converts because his father meniggal world due to undergo the ritual too heavy. Unfortunately, this inscription has been lost and no clear figures annually, and do not mention the name of the father Sankhara.

So, the theory Poerbatjaraka mention that there is only one dynasty who ruled the Kingdom Medang, namely Sailendra Hindu Shiva. Since government Panangkaran, Sailendra dynasty split into two. Buddhism is used as the official religion of the state, while the other Sailendra branch there are still adheres to Hinduism, for example, someone who would degrade Pikatan Rakai.

calendar Sanjaya

Although the term Sanjayawangsa never found in any inscription, but the term Sanjayawarsa or "Calendar Sanjaya" was discovered in the mountain spurs and inscriptions Scales Wungkal.

Both the inscription issued by MPU Daksha with the aim to show that he is a descendant of the original Sanjaya, the founder of the kingdom. Year 1 Sanjayawarsa equal to 717 AD. It is not known with certainty whether the year is the year of birth 717 Sanjaya, or the founding of the kingdom.

List of kings who ruled

List of kings Medang before Balitung Mantyasih inscription written in terms of the theory Bosch is a list of the Sanjaya dynasty kings, as well as a family tree from Sanjaya to Balitung.

The king is as follows.

• Sanjaya
• Panangkaran
• Rakai Panunggalan
• Samaragrawira
• Rakai Garung
• Rakai Pikatan
• Rakai Kayuwangi
• Rakai Watuhumalang

Slamet Muljana historians differ. According to him, the list is not pedigree Sanjaya dynasty, but rather a list of the kings who had ruled in the kingdom Medang. His opinion was based on the nickname Panangkaran in Kalasan inscription, which Sailendrawangsatilaka or jewel Sailendra. So according to him is not possible if Panangkaran is the son Sanjaya.

Analysis Slamet Muljana against some of the inscriptions, for example inscription Kelurak, Nalanda inscription, or Karangtengah inscription concludes that Panangkaran, Rakai Panunggalan, Samaragrawira, and Rakai Garung is a member Sailendra, while the rest are members of Sanjaya dynasty, except Rakai Kayuwangi mixed-blood.

King after Balitung

King after Balitung is empu Daksha who introduced the use of Sanjaya Calendar to indicate that he is a genuine descendant of the founder of the kingdom. Moreover, most likely Daksha is also the grandson of Rakai Pikatan as recorded in the inscription Telahap.

Daksha was replaced by his son, named Dyah Tulodhong, the son of someone who is buried in Turu Mangambil. It is not known with certainty whether this is a descendant Sanjaya Tulodhong or not.

According to historian Boechari, Tulodhong government uprising ended by Dyah Wawa, son Rakryan Landhayan. In this case also can not be ascertained whether or not Wawa Sanjaya descent.

King hereinafter called Empu Sindok estimated as Daksha empu grandchildren. If so, then the empu Sindok can be referred to as offspring Sanjaya anyway, even though he is considered to have founded a new dynasty called the wangsa of Isana.

History Saylendra Dynasty Rulers of the Ancient Mataram

To origin saylendra own dynastic history is still under debate for historians. Dynasty history Saylendra Ruler Ancient Mataram Kingdom, the term Sailendra dynasty was first found in Indonesia in the year 700 Saka Kalasan inscription (778 CE) .Then this term appears also in the inscription of the village Kelurak Saka year 704 (782 AD).

In inscription Abhayagiriwihara of evidence Ratu Baka year 714 Saka (792 AD) .In the Karangtengah inscription than 743 Saka (824 AD) .The most attract attention is that the term Sailendrawangsa it appears also in the outer islands, namely in the inscription Ligor B, Nalanda and Leyden plates.

Inscription-inscriptions are all using Sanskrit, and three of them, except the inscription Kayumwunga using Siddham letters, not uruf Pallawa or Java-Old letters as generally inscriptions in Java.

This fact plus the fact that there are some naman dynasty in India and Southeast Asia dratan synonymous with the dynasty, the king of the mountain, causing a variety of theories about the origin of Java. RC Majundar assume that Sailendra in Indonesia, either in Java or in sriwijaya, came from Kalinga in the south of Java. G. Coedès more inclined on the assumption that the Sailendra in Indonesia came from Fu-nan or frangipani.

In the opinion of Fu-nan spelling in Chinese news comes from the word KhamerKuna vnan or benyam which means mountain; Phnom khamer language now. King Fu-nan called parwatabhupala which means king of the mountain the same as the word dynasty. After the kingdom of Fu-nan was collapsing around the year 620 AD, the members of the house of the kings of Fu-nan was who fled to Java and emerges as ruler here in the middle of the eighth century AD, by using the name of the Sailendra dynasty

A Przyluzki said that Coedès was done on the basis of a dubious interpretation of a verse in the inscription Kuk Prah Kot. According luzky term saylendra dynasty showed that comes Sailendra kings who brarti king of the mountain.

This is the same as the designation for shiwa girisa. In other words, the kings of the Sailendra dynasty in Java considers his ancestors there on the mountain. This is an indication to him that the term dynasty native to Indonesia.

Opinion of the above has been discussed by Nilakanta Sastri.Dia himself argues that the Sailendra dynasty in Java that comes from the Pandya in India selatan.Dan finally JL Moen in one essay that attract attention, he expressed the opinion that the Sailendra dynasty that originated from India Selatan.Yang originally came around Palembang, but in the year 983 AD fled to Java since the attacks of Srivijaya.

Among the above opinion is widely held that then G.Coedes opinion, especially after JG Casparis can find Waranarahdhirajaraja term in the inscription of Lor Temple, also inscriptions Kelurak, and he identifies it with waranara waranara country of residence or na-na-fu news in China, namely plant the kingdom of Fu-nan after switching from Wiyadhapura or neighbors mu after coming under attack from Chenla under the leadership Bhawawarman and image sena in the second half of the 6th century AD further de Casparis said that after moving to na-na-fu usually be located near Angkorborai be among the kings who went to Java and defeated kings who ruled there, that sanjaya and his descendants.

So according to the Casparis in Java early first ruling dynasty king king yangberagama Shiva, but after the arrival of the king of Na-na-fu was the behrasil conquer it, then in Central Java, there are two kings of the house of the king, the Sanjaya dynasty who are Shiva, and the pendtang the later call themselves religious Buddhist Sailendra.

Opinion de Caparis was inspired by FHVan Nearssen, who saw that in the inscription Kalasan year 778 AD, sangskerta speaking there are two parties, the parties Sailendra king, which only referred to as the jewel Sailendra without a name, and Panangkaran, king of wngsa Sanjaya bawahanya .

Furthermore Casparis tried holding nets reconstruction Mataram state history to the 9th century AD The foundation anggaan that since there are two medieval 8 ruling dynasty king of kings, the Sailendra dynasty originating from Fu-nan, and adherents of Mahayana Buddhism, which successfully conquered the king of kings of the house of religious Sanjayaang Shiva.

King of the Sanjaya dynasty king, since Panangkaran only ruled as king of subordinates, and in a variety of development opportunities temples help Sailendra dynasty king to give lands as sima for temples itu.Pendapat Casparis was developed further by FDK Bosch here and there.

The notion that the nation Sailendra from outside Indonesia (India or Cambodia) opposed by R.Ng. Poerbatjaraka, he felt very offended read the theory, as if bangsandonesia since the first only able to be governed by a foreign nation.

According Poerbatjaraka, Sanjaya and his descendants are the kings of the Sailendra dynasty, native to Indonesia which mulunya embraced Shiva, but since Panangkaran converted into a Buddhist Mahayana. As one of the reasons he's pointing at the book Carita Parahyangan, which shall include a description bahwat Rahyang Sanjaya has advocated for children Rahyangta Panaraban meninggalakn their religion, because he terrorized by everyone. Panaraban Rahyangta name identifies with Rakai P

anangkaran.

The new findings in the form of stone inscriptions in the ancient Malay language Sojomerto village, kab.Pekalongan and stone unknown berbhasa clear debngan asalnya.Dan are kept in private collections Adam Malik, may well reinforce the notion Poerbatjaraka. Inscription of the mentioned Dapunta Sailendra Sojomerto father and mother name is Santanu and Bradawati and his wife Sampula.

There is still another figure called in this inscription which unfortunately illegible name namanya.Demikan also shows the relationship between the terms of this figure with Dapunta Sailendra, do not read this keseluhan.figure given predicate Hiyang. so maybe once a figure that has a very in glorifying and regarded as Sailendra Dapunta ancestors.

As Isanawangsa stem from the empu Sindok who holds Sri Isanawikramadarmmottunggadewa and King Sawangsa originate in Ken Arok who hold Sri Rajasa, of course Sailendrawangsa to seoran ancestors originate title contains elements of Sailendra.

In Sojomerto inscription was found Dapunta name Sailendra clear the Indonesian spelling of the Sanskrit word Sailendra because there is more banuaSailendra Sumatra. The fact that he uses the ancient Malay language in inscriptions indicate that he was a native Indonesia, may very well have come from Sumatra, then according to the origin of the names of the other wansa daptlah here concluded that the Sailendra dynasty was rooted to Dapunta.

From the inscription was clearly brought Dapunda Sojomerto Sailendra dynasty is adherent Shiva. Kapn and why the kings of the Sailendra dynasty began to embrace Buddhism may be known from inscriptions belonging to Adam Malik, who for a while we call by the name of Sankara inscription. This inscription speaking Sanskrit but unfortunately found just the end, Ru.

Before the transfer of the royal center there are various sources of inscriptions in the period prior to the transfer. First mentioned here prssati in swampy village, subdistrict Grabag (Magelang) inscription Mas.inscription Tuk is the carving on a large natural stone close to the eyes air.letters Pallawa the relatively young and Sanskrit language. According to the analysis of chrome prassti Paleoogafis originated in medieval times that it compliments to a spring that came out of the mountain it is likened to water that drains the water is cold and clean through the stony-faced like the Ganges.

From the article there is a sculpture like and the style of ceremony among other tools chakra, sanka, trident, kundi, ax, guntin, kudi, dolkmes and four flower Padma. This menunukan to Lord Shiva that is like holy water and that there are certainly a nearby water source treatment administered by priests.

The second inscription is someone prasti camggal, which comes dai pecandian page diastase Wukir mountain Salam subdistrict (Magelang). This inscription letters using Pallava and Sanskrit, which consists of three stanzas shows that the king Sanjaya tela set up on the hill at dates phallus 6 October 732 AD

Five hereinafter panegyric temple of the god Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva denagan note that for joints available three stanzas. Bait to go praise Java fertile and produce a lot of wheat (or rice) da rich gold mine. Shiva is very beautiful yan ang remedy welfare world surrounded by sacred rivers, among other buildings Ganges river is located in Kunjarakunja.

From the above prasasi kiata may know that in the year 723 AD the king Sanjaya obvious is religious Shiva linga has established over the phallus god bukit.possibility building up saa cand that there are still the remains above gungng wukir, given thatinscriptions indeed derived from the enshrinement of the page.

Sanna, Sahanna, and Sanjaya possibility once wasdescendants Dapunta Sailendra, so as they enter into the Sailendra dynasty. This because of a prassti from the list of kings mentioned in the inscription Matyasih in medang. He then followed by rakai panankaran that in between Dapunta Sailendra and Sima, or Sima amongst Sanna there was a king again yan has yet to be discovered from historical sources.

King Sanjaya king first go round be locade Medang.Yang been said by the inscription above, the king Sanna has been attacked by the enemy and was killed in battle once the royal capital tersebut.Mungkin also in assault and ijrah. Sanjay ak it because they crowned as king, need to be built a new capital, with a new palace accompanied by construction oftemple worship phallus remedy kingdom. possibility Hali is get in touch with confidence that palace yang been invaded by enemies who lose yuannya.

In addition there is an interest in others that there building Java island sacred to the worship of Lord Shiva in the area Kunjarakunja surrounded by holy rivers, chief among them is the river Ganges.

Just as has been inferred the perpose building temple is near Banon itucandi Canggal parsati Mendut the temple statues are large and patterned Classic? The location of this temple in the area indeed Progo and the Elo River, is in accordance the government with the inscription, the suspect intended Sunai times Progo river Ganges is.

And name it poerbatjarka ever put forward Kunjarakunja contained that the area in question when it is currently a Sleman district, based on the meaning of that forest elephants and their wanua ing pedestal i Saliman.

And has been in doubt since contained in prasti to three now added two more stones stone denagan sima which makes it a must-read local name wanua ing pedestal I Salaimar. Anyway kunjarakunla words can juaga Religiosa fikus forest berate or forest Bodhi tree and the like because the word does not mean too elephant Kunjara but name a few types of plants.

According Casparis Bhanu was a king Sailendra considering that there is again an inscription Ligor B no king name in the inscription Kelurak Vishnu and no name of the king senses. And he found it of course Bhanu Buddhists because Jesus is another name of Buddha.

theory of India

Majumdar assume that Sailendra family in the archipelago, both at Sriwijaya (Sumatra) and in Mdaŋ (Java) came from Kalinga (South India). The same opinion was expressed also by Nilakanta Sastri and Moens. Moens assume that Sailendra family came from India who settled in Palembang before arrival Dapunta Hiyaŋ.Pada year 683 AD, the family fled to Java because pressured by Dapunta Hiyan with reinforcements tentaranya.Pada its time it Srivijaya in Malay Peninsula Land.

The statement that almost match the Moens Slametmulyana.Ia formulated the idea put forward by it based on designations Dapunta degree in Sojomerto inscription. This title is also available on Kedukan Bukit Inscription on Hiyan Dapunta name.

Sojomerto inscription and an inscription Inscription Kedukan Hill Ancient Malay language. Because the Old Malay origin of Sumatra and their expansionist politics of Srivijaya kadatuan circa 680s AD, it can be presumed that Dapunta Selendra is one of the magnifying of South Sumatra which withdrew to the north coast of Java around Pekalongan.

theory Funan

Coedès more inclined to the notion that Sailendra in the archipelago comes from the Funan (Cambodia). Since the riots that resulted in the collapse of the kingdom of Funan, then this royal family fled to Java, and emerged as ruler in Mdaŋ (Mataram) in the mid 8th century AD using Sailendra family name.

Java theory

The notion that the Sailendra family originated from the archipelago (Java) proposed by Poerbatjaraka. According Poerbatjaraka, Sanjaya and descendents that are the kings of the Sailendra family, which embraced the original archipelago Siva.

But since Paņamkaran converted into a Buddhist Mahayana, the kings of Mataram became adherents of Mahayana Buddhism is based on story juga.opinion Parahiyangan stating that Sanjaya R. sent his son R. Panaraban or R.Tamperan to convert because of their religion feared by everyone.

Opinions of Poerbatjaraka based on story Parahiyangan then reinforced with an inscription findings in the district of Batang. In the inscription, known as Sojomerto inscription mentioned Dapunta Selendra name, father's name (Shantanu), the name of his mother (Bhadrawati), and the name of his wife (Sampūla) (dapunta Selendra name father Santanu nda nda Bhadrawati nama nama nda nda aya sampūla nama nda ..).

According Boechari, character named Dapunta Selendra is going descendant of Sailendra kings who ruled in Mdaŋ.

The name "Dapunta Selendra" clearly an Indonesian spelling of the Sanskrit word "Sailendra" because in the tablets using Malay Kuno.if Thus, if the Sailendra family originated from South India of course they use Sanskrit in the discovery of inscriptions-prasastinya.Dengan Sojomerto inscription has Sailendra family of unknown origin with its founder Dapunta Saylendra.Berdasarkan paleografinya, Sojomerto inscription dating from about the middle of the 7th century AD.

Canggal inscription mentions that Sanjaya establish a phallus on a hill Sthīrańga for safety purposes and its people.Di mentioned how the Java ruled Sanjaya replace Sanna; King Sanna has a sister named Sanaha that then he marry and give birth to Sanjaya.

From Sojomerto inscription and inscription Canggal have known the name of three rulers in Mdaŋ (Mataram), namely Dapunta Selendra, Sanna, and Sanjaya. Sanjaya king came to power in 717 Masehi.Dari Mdaŋ in Carita Parahiyangan known that Sena (King Sanna) ruled for 7 tahun.if Sanjaya took the throne in 717 AD, then Sanna took the throne around 710 years this Masehi.Hal bererti to get to Dapunta Selendra (mid-7th century AD) there is still about 60 years.

If a ruler ruled length of approximately 25 years, then at least there are two authorities again for up to Dapunta Selendra.in Parahiyangan story's mentioned THAT King Mandimiñak got the son of Sena (Sanna) .He holds reign over 7 years, and Mandimiñak replaced by the Sena who reigned 7 years. From the order of the kings who ruled it, it can be presumed that Mandimiñak start Masehi.Ini 703 power since there is still one more person in power before Mandimiñak.

Chinese news from the T'ang Dynasty preaching of the Kingdom Ho-ling called She-po (= Java). In 674 AD the people of the kingdom named the woman as queen, namely Hsi-mo (Queen SIMO) is ruled by baik.Mungkinkah .Ratu queen is heir to the throne of Dapunta Selendra? If yes, then diperolehi order of the kings who ruled in Mdaŋ, namely Dapunta Selendra (? - 674 AD), Queen Simo (674-703 AD), Mandimiñak (703-710 AD), R.Sanna (710-717 AD) , R.Sañjaya (717-746 AD), and Rakai Paņamkaran (746-784 AD), and so on.

Ancient Mataram Kingdom ruled by the dynasty that two Buddhist Sailendra dynasty and Hindu Sanjaya dynasty early Syiwa.Pada Ancient Mataram era, Sailendra dynasty quite dominant in Java center.Menurut historians, Sanjaya dynasty was initially under the control of the Sailendra dynasty. Regarding the competition authority is not known for certain, but both are equally powerful in Central Java.

Kings of the family dynasty ruling stated in the inscription Ligor, Nalanda inscription or inscriptions Klurak, and the kings of the family Sanjaya listed in Canggal and stele inscriptions Mantyasih.Berdasarkan temples, relics of ancient Mataram Kingdom from the 8th century and to -9 patterned Buddha (dynasty) are generally located in the southern part of Central Java, while the patterned Hindu (Sanjaya) are generally located in the northern part of Central Java.

Sailendra dynasty ruling at the time, also held a close relationship with the kingdom of Srivijaya in Sumatera.Pada Indra's reign (782-812), his son, Samaratungga, married to Tara, princess Sriwijaya.inscription found not far from Kalasan provide explanation that the temple was built in honor of Tara as a female Bodhisattva. In the year 790, Syailendra attacked and beat Chenla (Cambodia), then had ruled there for several years.

Borobudur was completed during the reign of king Samaratungga (812-833) .Borobudur is the largest Buddhist monument in the world, and has become one of the nation's pride has a daughter named Pramodhawardhani Indonesia.Samaratungga and from marriage to Tara, a son named Balaputradewa.

Pramodhawardhani, married the daughter of the king Samaratungga Pikatan Rakai, which then became the prince of the House of Sanjaya.since influence patterned Hindu Sanjaya began dominant in Mataram, replacing religion Buddha.Rakai Pikatan even attacking Balaputradewa, who is the brother Pramodhawardhani. History Sailendra dynasty ended in 850, when Srivijaya Balaputradewa fled to the country of origin which is his mother.

History of Ancient Human In Indonesia

The history of early human discovered the oldest in Indonesia  1890 by archaeologists from the Dutch Eugene Dubois (Dubois) in the valley river village precisely solo Sandpipers ngawi eastern Java, and this discovery the call "Pithecanthropus Erectus" means "man who walks upright ape" and in this area too much on fossil found the bones no longer intact as the femur, skull, and a few teeth.

Early humans found in Indonesia from various eras, the archaeologists give the characteristic feature of each invention, there are several types of early humans were found in Indonesia, Pithecanthropus Erectus, Meganthropus Paleojavanicus, homo mojokertensis, soloensis homo, homo sapiens and the latest wajakensis florensiensis. In daily life of ancient human kind Pithecanthropus

characteristic feature of Pithecanthropus Erectus:

• has a sturdy body
• strong masticatory apparatus
• height 165-175 cm
• weight - + 100 kg
• food is still rough with little processing
• life between 1 to 0.1 million years ago.

Homo is good at making a simple tool of rocks:

• ax perimbas (chopper)
• 
  
• Penetak ax (chopping tool)
• 
  
• Tools Scrapers (flake)

The lives of these early humans is very dependent on natural resources

available, they collect food from hunting and life shifts (nomads) always follow the prey animal.

Pithecanthropus Erectus archaeologist Eugene Dubois discovery of this very shocking the world, and the discovery is made curious scientists else and they came to do research Sandpipers one "researcher salenka" and, they have found some fossils of plants and animals in the fossil river valley river solo.

The research team headed by GHR Von Koenigswald in 1936 doing research in the area of Sangiran, Sragen, Central Java, Indonesia. and find a hominid fossils different types of those found in the area Edubois ngawi Sandpipers, and early humans is called the Meganthropus Paleojavanicus (large-bodied man from the island of Java, Indonesia) are estimated to live in 2 million years ago.

The characteristics Meganthropus Paleojavanicus are:

• Has a strong jaw bone
• 
  
• Do not have a chin
• 
  
• Shows human characteristics but closer to apes
• 
  
• Big and burly

which then included in the Homo Soloensis or Man From Solo. Alleged to be older than the fossil Pithecanthropus Erectus.

And the most recent discovery, in 2003 found again Ancient Human Fossils in Flores. The discovery in cooperation Archaeologists Archaeologists Indonesia and Australia is named Homo floresiensis, or Man of Flores.

From here still have a long way to the unity of the 32 profinsi name into Indonesian the archipelago.

Ancient Human Homo Sapiens type

homo sapien

Early humans Homo sapiens types so pretty much found in Indonesia, especially for the early man as a land of dreams that river valleys such as solo, ngawi, and Mojokerto, from every ancient human found in Indonesia most of the layers "Upper Pleistocene ".

And every ancient human fossils found archaeologists certainly not forget the name of a region in temukannya to give names to the bone fossil findings.

This type of homosexuals who have had the same body shape as he is now and also has the nature of human life is now but still has a very simple, and of course, nomadic (nomadic). The type of Homo sapiens found in Indonesia:

• The names of ancient human fossils homo types:
• Homo Soloensis
• Homo Wajakensis
• Homo florensiensis (Hobbits)

Homo Soloensis:

Soloensis erectus fossils found in Ngandong, Blora, at Sangiran and Connect Tigers, Sragen, by Ter Haar, Oppenoorth, and Von Koenigswald in 1931-1933 from Upper Pleistocene layer. Soloensis Homo, which lived about 900,000 to 300,000 years ago, the brain volume reached 1300 cc.

According to Von Koenigswald these creatures higher level than the Pithecanthropus Erectus. It is estimated that this creature is an evolution and Pithecanthropus mojokertensis.

By some experts, classified as Homo sapiens Soloensis Neanderthalensis which is a type of Homo sapiens early humans from Asia, Europe, and Africa come from the Upper Pleistocene layer.

•      Brain volume between 1000 - 1200 cc
•      Height between 130-210 cm
•      Nape muscle shrinkage
•      Face does not protrude forward
•      Stand up straight and walk more perfect

Culture results:

• The mobile ax / ax perimbas
• tools flakes
• The tools of bone

Homo wajakensis:

"Fossil Homo wajakensis" discovered by Van Riestchoten in 1889 in the village Wajak, Tulungagung. This fossil is then examined by Eugene Dubois. The findings of this fossil is the first hominid fossil findings reported from Indonesia.

Wajakensis erectus fossils have about 130-210 cm in height, weighing between 30-150 kg. 1300 cc brain volume reached this type of early humans lived between 40,000 -25 000 years ago, the Upper Pleistocene layer. When compared to the type sebelu mnya, Homo Wajakensis show progress.

The foods are cooked, although still very simple. Wajakensis erectus skull has many similarities with skull Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal. Therefore, Eugene Dubois suspect that Homo Wajakensis included in Australoide race, ancestors of Homo bernenek Soloensis and lower the Aboriginal nation. Wajakensis erectus fossils also has similarities with the human fossil Niah in Sarawak, Malaysia, Tabon man in Palawan, the Philippines, and fossils Australoid of South China, and South Australia.

homo florensiensis:

Homo floresiensis ("Man of Flores", nicknamed Hobbit) is the name given by a group of researchers for the species of the genus Homo, which has a small body and brain volume, based on the serial subfosil (the remains of which have not been fully petrified) from nine individuals were found in Liang Bua, Flores Island, in 2001, the Ninth bone remains showed the highest posture waist modern man.

The joint team of anthropologists from Australia and Indonesia argued using a variety of characteristics, both the size of the skull, bone size, condition fossilized skeletons, as well as the findings of the rest of the animal bones and tools around it. Age series this framework is estimated to come from 94,000 to 13,000 years ago

Prehistoric times megalithic

Discuss prehistoric times will definitely not be separated from discussions stone age, from various parts of the corners of the earth there must be a relic of pre script, ok we will discuss

this matter with serious because of what? history into one enting curriculum in schools.

In addition to discussing the history lesson independence, embahas kingdom era that never existed in the archipelago is perhaps later we will discuss it but for now we focus on this subject matter now that prehistoric "megalithic"

megaliths is a culture that produces monumental buildings made of large stones. This megalithic building used as a means to honor and worship of the spirits of ancestors. Megalithic culture emerged in the Neolithic period and flourished in the days of metal.

Megalithic relics almost spread throughout the archipelago, even now still found megalithic tradition as in Nias Island, Sumba, Flores, and Toraja. The results of a large stone age culture are as follows:

1. Punden staircase

Punden is building the cult of the ancestors in the form of multi-storey buildings with materials of stone, on top of the usual set of menhirs.

The building is often found in Kosala and Arca Domas Banten, Cisolok Sukabumi, and Pugungharjo in Lampung. In a further development, manufacture base merupaan punden temple, keratin or other religious buildings.

2. Menhir (men = stone, hir = upright / standing)

Menhir is a pole or monument made of stone didiikan as a warning sign and symbol of the ancestors, thus becoming cult objects and placed on somewhere.

Menhir function is as a means of worship of ancestors, as a place to commemorate a person (chiefs) who have died, and as a place to accommodate the arrival of spirits.

Menhirs are found in South Sumatra, West Java and Central Sulawesi. In the worship ceremony, menhirs also serves as a place to add sacrificial animals.

Menhir finding places in Indonesia, among others, in Pasemah (South Sumatra), Pugungharjo (Lampung), Kosala and Lebak Sibedug, Leles, Muara Karang, Cisolok (West Java), Pekauman Bondowoso (East Java), Trunyan and Sembiran (Bali) , Belu (East), Bada-Besoha, and Toraja, Sulawesi.

3. Bury sarcophagus

Grave stone coffin

Grave stone coffin coffin is buried in the ground that is rectangular in shape, side, base and lid are made of stone board. These objects are found in Kuningan, West Java.

4. Waruga

Waruga is a grave stone with a cube-shaped or round-shaped lid roof of the house. Form and function waruga like a sarcophagus, but the placement of the bodies squat folded position. Waruga only be found in Minahasa.

5. sarcophagus

Sarcophagus is a coffin or casket shaped like a mortar, but it has a lid. Manufacturing such as mortar, but shaped like a coffin.

One of the discovery of the sarcophagus is in Bali. It contained human bones, items of bronze and iron, and beads. Sarcophagi were also found in Bondowoso, East Java.

To protect the spirit of the dead bodies of supernatural interference, on the sarcophagus carved motifs often mask / masks with various expressions. Sarcophagus may also be interpreted as "boat spirit" to bring the spirit of sailing into the spirit world.

6. Dolmen (dol = table, men = stone)

DolmenDolmen is a large stone table with a flat surface as a place to put offerings, as a place to put the spirit, and became the seat chiefs in order to get a magical blessing of their ancestors.

There are berkakikan dolmen menhir as found in Pasemah, South Sumatra, some are used as grave stones as found in Bondowoso and in Merawan, Jember, East Java.

7. statue or sculpture

Statue or sculpture is a building made from animal or human-shaped stone that symbolizes the ancestors and an idol. The megalithic relics are found in the highlands Pasemah, namely the mountains between Palembang and Bengkulu.

The investigation was conducted by Dr. Pasemah Van der Hoop and Van Heine Geldern. In Bada valley, Central Sulawesi has also du abuah statues symbolizing the figure of a man and woman.

Megalithic buildings are often found together with the tools of the Neolithic zamn and most widely found along the tools of metal era. Reread: cultural heritage Stone Age Young

Van Heine Geldern divide the spread of megalithic culture to Indonesia into two waves, are as follows:

a. Old megaliths, which produces menhir, punden, and static statues spread to Indonesia in the Neolithic period of 2500 - 1500 BC, brought by supporters of rectangular axes culture (Proto-Malay).

b. Young megaliths, which resulted in grave stone coffin, dolmen, waruga, sarcophagi, statues and spread to Indonesia in the Bronze Age in 1000 - 100 BC, brought by supporters of the Dong Son culture (Deutro Malay)

Definition meaning of the Kingdom

plaosan tample

In this case we are now going to discuss a new era, the era of "kingdom" before I describe further we have to know what "Definition the meaning of the kingdom" .post the past we talked about the history of ancient human age and the type of ancient human in found in Indonesia.

Definition meaning of the kingdom is an absolute rule in a particular area that has a legitimate field of a single authority for his power amplifier.

The period of early humans has ended and our ancestors in science and the way of life in groups or nation has begun to grow, they have started to think about how to protect herself and her group how to settle and grow crops that do not always follow the hunt and prey animal, then that's where arises a sense of how where a group could live secure peace, as fishermen or hunters.

In the system of royal government / monarky adulthood has evolved there is some kind of royal government / monarky namely:

"Definition monarky" comes from the Greek monos meaning one and archein which means that the government is a kind of kingdom where the king as head of state.

Monarchy or royal government system is the oldest system in the world, and the history of the kingdom in

Indonesia at the start at the time of the rise of the kingdom:

• Kandis kingdom SM Jambi (not yet entered the school curriculum)
• Old Jambi Malay kingdom (2nd century AD)
• The scale royal Brak (3rd century AD)
• Salakanagara (offerings)
• Martadipura Kutai Kingdom (kaltim)
• Tarumanagara kingdom (offerings)
• Kingdom Barus (6th century AD)
• Kalinga kingdom (6th century AD)
• Mataram Kingdom (ancient) Central Java.
• Kanjuruhan kingdom (Century-6M)
• Sundanese kingdom (669-1579 AD)

Ok explanation of the origin and history of the oldest kingdoms in the archipelago.

1. The Kingdom of Kandis (BC).

This kingdom is believed to stand before Christ, precedes the establishment of the kingdom Moloyou or Dharmasraya.

Two figures are often referred to as the king of this kingdom are Patih and Hero Member.

Jambi Lubuk ancestors are believed to come from the line of King Alexander the Great Wali Allah. Three sons Alexander the Great named Maharaja Alif, Maharaja depang and Maharaja Royal scatter looking for new areas. Maharaja Alif to Banda Ruhum, Maharaja depang to Bandar China and Maharaja Royal Gold Island (Sumatra).

When docked on the island of Gold, Royal Maharaja and his entourage set up a kingdom called the kingdom located in Bukit Kandis Burn / Mount Bakau. This area is green and lush area surrounded by crystal clear river.

2. Salakanagara (130-362 AD).

This kingdom is the kingdom of the first in the area of West Java ever recorded by history. Salakanagara, based Manuscript Library Wangsakerta Rajyarajya i Bhumi Nusantara (who compiled a committee, chaired by Prince Wangsakerta) is thought to be the earliest kingdoms in the archipelago).

Names of experts and historians who proves that Tatar Banten has historical values are high, among others Hussein Djajadiningrat, Tb. H. Ahmad, Hasan Mu'arif Ambary, Halwany Michrob and others. Many already compiled their findings in papers, reviews and book-review. Not to mention names like John Miksic, Takashi, Atja, Saleh Danasasmita, Yoseph Iskandar, Claude Guillot, Ayatrohaedi, Vishnu Handoko and others who add insight about Banten be more spacious and open with his works made both in Indonesian and English.

Founder Salakanagara, Dewawarman are roving ambassadors, merchants all at once nomads of the Pallava, Bharata (India) who eventually settled for marrying the daughter of a local prince.

3. Old Jambi Malay kingdom (2nd century AD)

Dharmasraya is the name of the capital of a Malay kingdom in Sumatra, this name appears along with the weakening of Srivijaya empire after attack Coladewa Rajendra Chola king of the Coromandel in 1025.

In a manuscript entitled Chu-fan-chi works Chau Ju-kua in 1225 stated that the country San-fo-tsi has 15 subordinate areas, namely Che-lan (Cambodia), Kia-lo-hi (Grahi, Ch'ai-yes or southern Thailand Chaiya now), Tan-ma-ling (Tambralinga, southern Thailand), Ling-ya-si-kia (Langkasuka, southern Thailand), Ki-lan-tan (Kelantan), Ji-lo-t'ing (Cherating , the east coast of malaya), Tong-yes-nong (Terengganu), Fo-lo's (estuaries Dungun, Terengganu area now), Tsien-mai (Semawe, the east coast of malaya), Pa-t'a (river Paka, the east coast of malaya), Pong-fong (Pahang), Lan-mu-li (Lamuri, Aceh region now), Kien-pi (Jambi), Pa-lin-fong (Palembang), Sin-to (Sunda) , and thus, the territory of the San-fo-tsi stretches from Cambodia, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra until Sunda.

4. The scale kingdom Brak (3rd century AD)

Scale Brak (Read: The scale Bekhak) is a Hindu kingdom characterized and known by the Hindu Kingdom of Sekala Brak after arrival Four Umpu of Pagaruyung spread Islam later became Kepaksian Sekala Brak, located at the foot of Mount Pesagi (the highest mountain in Lampung) which became the forerunner of Lampung ethnic tribes today.

5. Martadipura Kutai Kingdom (350-400 AD)

Kutai Martadipura is patterned Hindu kingdom in the archipelago which has the oldest historical evidence. This kingdom is located in Muara Kaman, East Kalimantan, precisely in the Mahakam river upstream. Kutai name is taken. Kutai name given by the experts take on the name of the discovery of the inscription which indicates the existence of the kingdom. No inscriptions clearly mention the name of this kingdom and indeed very little information that can be obtained.

6. Tarumanagara kingdom (358-669 AD)

Tarumanagara or Taruma kingdom is a kingdom that once ruled the western region of the island of Java in the 4th century until the 7th century AD Taruma is one of the oldest kingdoms in the archipelago that left historical records. In the historical records and relics of royal artifacts around the site, it appears that at that time the kingdom of Taruma is homage Vishnu Hindu kingdom.

When you view the historical record or inscription that is, there is no definitive explanation or notes about who first established the kingdom of Tarumanagara. King of the once powerful and very famous in the annals is Purnawarman. In 417 he ordered the excavation of river Gomati and Candrabaga (Bekasi) throughout 6112 spears (about 11 miles). Completed excavation, the prabu hold salvation with menyedekahkan 1,000 cows to the Brahmins.

Evidence of the existence of the Kingdom of Taruma known with seven stone inscriptions found. Four in Bogor, one in Jakarta and one in Lebak Banten. From inscriptions it is known that the kingdom led by Rajadirajaguru Jayasingawarman in 358 AD and he ruled until the year 382 AD The tomb Rajadirajaguru Jayasingawarman along the river Gomati (Bekasi). Tarumanagara kingdom is a continuation of Salakanagara.

7. The Kingdom of Barus (6th century AD)

Sultanate Barus is a continuation empire in Barus after the advent of Islam to Barus. Islam entered into Barus in the early emergence of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula.

In an archaeological excavation, found Tomb Mahligai a historic cemetery and Sheikh Sheikh Rukunuddin Usuluddin which signifies the emergence of Islam to Indonesia in the first century AD in District VII Barus.

This cemetery length of approximately 7 meters decorated by some of the tombstones are typical and unique to that read in Arabic, Date 48 H and the Tomb of the attractions Religious Mahligai for Muslims throughout the World Located 75 Km from Sibolga and 359 km from Medan .

The first king who became a Muslim is the King Kadir who then passed on to the children who then holds the Sultan.

King Kadir is the successor kingdoms that have hereditary reign Barus and is a descendant of Raja Alang Pardosi, once established the first center in Toddang Kerajaaannya (tundang), Tukka, Pakkat - also known as the land of Rambe, who migrated from Balige of clan Pohan.

In the 6th century, has established a new authority in Barus founded by Sultan Ibrahimsyah coming from Tarusan, Minang, Batak descent from a collection of clans Pasaribu, which eventually formed Dulisme leadership in Barus.

8. kingdom of Kalinga (6th century AD)

Kalinga is a patterned Hindu kingdom in Central Java, whose center is located in the district of Jepara now. Kalinga has existed in the 6th century AD and its existence is known from Chinese sources. The kingdom was once ruled by Shima, who is known to have regulatory whoever stole, will cut his hand.

Maharani daughter Shima, Parvati, is married to the crown prince named Mandiminyak Galuh Kingdom, which later became the second king of the Kingdom Galuh.

Maharani Shima has a grandson named Sanaha who married the third king of the Kingdom Galuh, namely Brantasenawa. Sanaha and Bratasenawa have children named Sanjaya who later became king of the 

Kingdom of Sunda and Galuh Kingdom (723-732 AD).

After Maharani Shima died in the year 732 AD, Sanjaya replace his great and become King of the North Kalinga later called Earth Mataram, and then founded the dynasty / Sanjaya dynasty in Ancient Mataram Kingdom.

Power in West Java handed to his son from Tejakencana, namely Tamperan Barmawijaya aka Rakeyan Panaraban.

Then King Sanjaya married daughter Sudiwara Dewasinga, King of Kalinga South or Sambara Earth, and has a son that is Panangkaran.

9. Kingdom Kanjuruhan (Century-6M)

                                                                                              

Kanjuruhan is a patterned Hindu kingdom in East Java, whose center is located near the city of Malang now. Kanjuruhan thought to have been founded in the 6th century AD (still contemporaneous with the Royal Taruma around Bekasi and Bogor now). Written proof of this kingdom is the inscription Dinoyo. Famous king was Gajayana. Another relic temple and temple Wurung Clown.

10. Kingdom of Sunda (669-1579 AD)

                                                                                             

Sundanese kingdom (669-1579 AD), according to a manuscript Wangsakerta independent realm replace Tarumanagara kingdom. Sundanese kingdom was founded by Tarusbawa in Sundanese Çaka 591 (669 M). According to primary historical sources from the 16th century, this kingdom is a kingdom covering an area that is now the province of Banten, Jakarta, West Java Province, and the western part of Central Java province.

Based on ancient manuscripts primary Bujangga Manik (which tells the trip Bujangga Manik, a Hindu priest Sunda visit the holy places of Hinduism in Java and Bali in the early 16th century), which is currently stored in Boedlian Library, Oxford University, UK since 1627), the Kingdom of Sunda boundary to the east is Ci Pamali ("Pamali River", now known as Kali Bradford) and Ci Serayu (which is now called Serayu River) in the province of Central Java.